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…Úd /fd|f] dÚÚ eg]h:t} d ;'g . ;a}n] /fd|f] eGg] cd"No j:t' . pvfg g} 5 …Úcsj/L ;'gnfO{ s;L nufpg' kb}{gÚÚ . ;'gsf] nÍf, ;'gsf] ljxfg, ;'gf}nf df}sf, ;'g dxn, ;'g s]z/L, cflb cflb ;F1fx?sf] glhssf] d . cUgLn] ;"o{sf] sL/0f;+u lqmof u/]/ pTkGg k|ltlqmof / ;+of]hgsf] pkhsf ?kdf cflbu|Gy j]bdf rrf{of]Uo jg]sf] cljgfzL / ax'd"No j:t' d . d df c;+Vo cfFvf nfUb5g t/ slxNo} lvof nfUb}g . x]bf{ kx]Fnf] . To;}n] enfßL zAbdf ;"j0f{ elgG5 dnfO{ . ;F;f/df :j0f{ k/Lifb gfpsf] hd36af6} d]/f] lx;falstfa  x'G5 .  kZrfTo hutdf d uf]N8 eg]/ lrlgG5' . Nofl6gLx? cf}?d -aurum_ eG5g / ‍cf} -AU_ nfO{ d]/f] k|tLs dfGb5g . d csa/L klg x'F / chDd/L klg 5'F . d]/f] af/]df yfx} gkfpg]x?, dnfO{ Ps gDa/L, b'O{ gDa/L, tLg gDa/L cflb eg]sf] ;'G5' . d vfF6Ldf Ps gDa/L g} x'F . dnfO{ O:t]dfn ug{ ghfGg]x? jf d]/f] x}l;otnfO{ laufg]{x? cfkm} g} b'O{ gDa/L x'g . d]/f] klxrfgsf] vf; gDa/ eg]sf] &( xf] . hf] w]/}nfO{ yfx} 5}g . yfxf x'g]x? hltn] klg dnfO{ prfN5g, k5f5{g, a6f5{g / ntf5{g . a]nfa]nfdf aË\ofp5g . dnfO{ aËofpg / gª\ofpg vf]Hg] lar/fx? -Û_ yfx} gkfO{ cf cfkm} afFlËG5g / gfÍluG5g klg .

cWofTdjfbLx? ;"o{ / cUgLsf] ;DaGwsf] k|tLs dfG5g eg] ef}ltsjfbLx? dnfO{ wtL{n] uef{wfg u/]/ df6f]n] hGd lbPsf] 7fGb5g . vfgLsf r§fgx? / jfn'jfsf s0fx?sf laraf6 lgsfNb5g . d Psk|sf/sf] /f;folgs tTj x'F . d'›f, Hj}n/L ;lxtsf cfe"if0fdo ;'Gb/tfsf nflu agfOg] x/]s jfGsLdf / k|foM ;a}k|sf/sf ;f}Gbo{do ;fdfu|Lx?df d x'G5' . d lz/sf] zf]ef / r'/fkf]t]x?sf] ;fyL dfq xf]Og, d j]x'nLsf] jhgbf/ xft / rdsbf/ 5ftL klg x'F . lz/ljGb", rGb|ljGb", xf/, SnLk, gf}u]8L, ltnx/L, afnf, 3f+6Lsf] l;qmL cflb cflb dfq sxf x'F / d < d t a]x'nfsf] dgsf] lkmqmL klg x'F . kljq ;'gkfgL klg d} x'+ . j]OdfgL tyf t:s/Lsf] sdfgL klg d} x'F . TotL dfq xf]Og, d vfGuLx?df klg /x]sf] x'G5' . kfgb]lv ld7fO{;Dd / of}gjw{s cf}iflwb]lv dfgj gfzs ljifflb;Dd .

d]/f] klxrfg pHofnf] / k+x]nf] /Ë g} xf] t/ sltn] s] s] kf]tL lbG5g . sltn] s] s] hf]tL lbG5g . vf;df /fVg'kg]{ dnfO{ lz/df g} xf] . t/ sltn] l;Fufgdf ntkt kf5{g . sltn] b'ws'08df 8'afp5g t sltn] of}g/;s} jl/kl/ vkfvk kfg{ klg a]/ nufpb}gg . ;'Gb/ cfndf8Lsf] lardf dvdnL la5\ofOPsf] rfFbLsf] snfTds a'§]bf/ dgdf]xs x'g'kg]{ d]/f] l;Fxf;g, t/ sltn] em'qf emfqLdf jf wf]tL / k]6Lsf]6sf 6fnfdf a]/]/ uf/f]sf sf]KRof/fdf klg /fVg a]/ nufpb}gg dnfO{ . c? s;}sf] cfFvf gnfuf]; jf c? s;}n] gnuf];; eg]/ n'sfPsf] /] <Û

d hfHjNodo j:t' . s;}n] n'sfP/ n'S5' / < hxf+ /fv, emnemnL anL/x]sf] x'G5' . sfnf sfnL xK;LF/Ë]x?n] nufpbf klg 6lNsG5' . ;]tf;]tLsf cg'xf/df emg} emlNsG5' . ux"Fuf]/f ux"Fuf]/Lx? t d]/f nflu dl/xQ] u5{g . d rfxLFsf] sf] /fd|f] eGb} dVv k5{g t/ pgLx?nfO{ g} yfxf 5}g ls jf:tjdf pgLx? /fd|f xf]Ogg . d g} /fd|f] /  d g} d"Nojfg x'F . pgLx? t aflx/ aflx/ 6fO{lkml6Ë leq h'd|fsf] ldl6ªu klg x'g ;Sb5g . vf;df eGg]xf]eg] leqL ?kdf OHht gePsfx?nfO{ klg Psl5g OHht hf]ufOlbg OHhtsf] ;l~hjgL eg]s} d} x'+  . To;}n] d slxn]sfFxL 306f–306fsf] axfnla6f}/L lnP/ePklg rf}la; 306fdf rf/ kfFrhgfsf] xft, 3fF6L, 5ftL htftt} ;lhg k'U5' .  d jf:gflagfsf] t/ jf;gfdo crDdsf] lrh x'F .

crDdsf] j:t' x'F d . d guPsf] If]q g} ;+;f/df 5}g / d]/f] gePsf] dg'jf g} 5}gg . lkPgb]lv xflsd;Dd, ;fF;bb]lv ;efd'v;Dd, dGqLb]lv k|wfgdGqL;Dd, kltb]lv /fi6«klt;Dd,  /}ltb]lv lhDdbf/;Dd, vft]b]lv eft];Dd, ;fw'b]lv ;Gt;Dd, aUuLvfgfb]lv e§Lvfgf;Dd, ehgb]lv /f]lb;Dd, dGbL/b]lv dl:hb;Dd, sa|:yfgb]lv :dzfg3f6;Dd, t/fOb]lv lxdfn;Dd,  hxf+klg x'G5' . ;ft} dxfb]zdf /Dg] / ;ft} ;d'› htfklg 8'a'NsL dfg]{ klg d} xF" . hxf+ hfp+, ToxL+ ToxL+sf] d'›f aGg ;Sg] / hxf+ h;n] klg htgn] /fVg' kg]{ dflgg] d]/f] dlxdf xhf/ lha|f] ePsf] z]ifgfun] klg ug{ ;Sb}g eg] yl/yl/sf a'2L / 3l/3l/sf dg ePsf dg'jfx?n] t s;/L g} j0f{g ug{ ;s"g / <d]/f] c;nL ?k b]Vbf h:t} OdfgLsf] klg d'vaf6 /ofn cfp5 . w]/}sf] Odfg 8udufp5 . uxgf agfpg a;]sf] ;'j0f{sf/ ;'gsf] l9Ssf rf]/]/ hFunlt/ efu]sf syfx?b]lv lnP/ dk|ltsf] c:jeflas cfzlStn] ;fgbf/ vfGuL / dfgbf/ jfGsLd} sfnf] wAaf nufO{ ;lxg;Sg' j]yf aGg] rdTsf/L j:t' klg d} x"F . xhf/f}F rf]6x? ;xg ;Sg] / s/f]8f} vf]6x? dleq x'b} axg ;Sg] d]/f] a/fa/sf] Nofstsf] c? s'g} j:t' 5}g . dnfO{ h;n] htgn] /fVb5, p;n] hfGof] t/ h;n] hlt k6s dnfO{ lk6\g lbof], p Tolt g} 8'Aof] . clg h;n] hlt w]/} lk6g kfof], p t slxNo} u/Lj gx'g] eOxfNof] . cem /;fog, d}g, nfxf, htL{ cflb cflbsf gfpdf d]/f] jhg 36fpg]x? t ;w} dfnfdfn . d cljgfzsf/L eGg] ;Totf sltnfO{ t yfx} 5}g .  

d]/f] klxrfg / k|of]usf] dlxdf ck/Dkf/ 5 . ;'vsf] uxgf / b'Mvsf] vhfgf klg d]/f] klxrfg xf] . ;'Gb/ u/uxgf x'g] t d]/f] gfgLb]lvs} klxrfg cyf{t jfgL xf] . c;kmL{x?df ;lhPsf] klg w]/} eof] . x'bf x'bf t sfuhdf n]lkP/ l8lh6nsf] 6nsdf d]/f] gfp -;'g_ sf] cuf8L l8lh6n ylkP/ dnfO{ s'?k kfg{lt/ nfu]sf 5g . va/bf/ Û To;/L dnfO{ anfTsf/ gu/ ÛÛ a? bfFtdf 6Nsfpb} cfPsf 5f}, 6Nsfp . bfb'/f, SofG;/, cn;/, 6\o"d/ cflb cf}iflwx?df klg rnfO{ /x' . sd;]sd dg'iohflts} j/k/ cfˆg} :jTjleq} t /x]sf] x'G5' . lwtf]df /fv jf df]afOn Nofk6k, sDKo'6/ cflbdf h8fg u/ . 5}7L, Gjf/fg, kf:gL, d'08g, j|taGw, ljafxb]lv cfo{3f6;Dd jf a|fXdd0fsf] y'ssf] l56f];Dd klg n}hfp, Sj} jft\ 5}g . pDbf /S;Lx?df xfn]/ dgv';L xhd u/ .  dxFuf xfd{'lgod jf uLtf/x?df h8fg u/]/ dnfO{ g} ahfp . kfgb]lv dL7fOdf RofkRofk kf/ . sfnf]nfO{ ;]tf]wgsf ?kdf /fVg ltdLnfO{ xDd] xDd] k/of]eg] ;Dem, d 5'+ . lsgsL d sfnf]wgnfO{ ;]tf] agfpg] :jfu klg xF' . yfxf 5 ls 5}g ltdLnfO{, sfuhL vf]:6f]?kL 8n/ jf k};f gePklg ;+;f/ rNb5 / x'G5 . t/ d eOg eg] 8n/ / sfuhL sn/sf gf]6x? g} 5flkb}gg . cyf{t ;F;f/ g} rNb}g . dnfO{ ;dft]/ DjfO{ vfp jf dnfO{ hxfF;'s} / h;/L nfG5f}, n}hfp . ltd|f] v';L . t/ d]/f] k|fs[lts dxTj, ul/df / dlxdfdf v]njf8 u/]/ l8lh6n ls lkmlh6n s] xf] < To;df /fv]/ ha/h:t dnfO{ s'?k gagfp . c? h] ;'s} u/ s[kof, d]/f] ;j{sflns cljgfzL ljz]iftfdf wfjf gaf]n .

d]/} sf/0fn] w]/}sf] b}lgsLdf v'l;ofnL 5fp+5 / d]/} sf/0fn] em} emu8f / o'2klg lgDTofp+5 . afp–cfdf, nf]Ug]–:jf:gL, ;fyL–;fyL ;a} ;a}sf lardf dfq xf]Og, 3/–3/df o'2 lgDTofpg] / b]z–b]znfO{ o'2df le8fpg] tTjklg d leq} 5 . dnfO{ rng ug{ hfGof] jf cd[t dfGof] eg] d zflGt / cd/Tjsf] k|tLs x'+ . t/ hfg]g jf d]/f] dxTjsf] u'?TjnfO{ dfg]g eg] d ljWjFzsf/L k/df0f"eGbf klg vt/gfs j:t' x'+ . d]/f] nrstf a/fa/sf] nrstf c? s'g} j:t'df 5}g . t/ d ;w} nrs nrs dfq x'G5' eGg] g;Dem . cfjZos k/of] eg] d hf] sf]xLnfO{ yrSs kfg]{ ah| / lhGbuLs} 6fpsf]df xfGg] 3gd'Fu|f] klg aGg ;S5' . lng hfg]g, lbg hfg]g / klxl/g hfg]g jf dåf/f lglb{i6 uf]kgLotfsf cfwf/e"t dfgsx? dfg]g eg] d Hofgdf/f tTj g} eOlbG5' . 7LSs lng] / 7LSs nufpg] tyf ;do x]/]/ rnfpg]sf nflu d ;F;f/s} ;jf]{Qd j:t' x'F t/ cf}sfteGbf a9L dfGg] / tfGg]x?sf nflu d ;Gr} gx'g] SofG;/ x' . kvfnfsf] ls/f x'F . Vofn u/, d g/;+xf/sf/L tTj klg alglbg ;S5' . ;j{q /xg] ;j{AofkL x' d . d ;f/Lb]lv gf/L -gf8L_;Dd, af/Lb]lv 3f/L;Dd, hldgb]lv 6f]8o/f;Dd, gFub]lv /f}F;Dd, s'NkmLb]lv ;xgfO;Dd, htftt} 5'F . k[YjLdf dfq sxFf xf] / <, d t cGt/LIfdf klg k'u]sf] 5'F / vf]tn] Toxfklg e]l6g ;S5' .    

dnfO{ sltn] xTs]nfdf /fv]/ tf}ng] k|of; u5{g t sltn] lz/df /fv]/ k'Hg] u5{g . ha ha jfy6kdf h8fg u/]/ dnfO{ cf;g agfP/ cfrL u5{g, ta d d'v{ dg'jf b]v]/ lvTsf 5f]8L 5f]8L xf+:5' . sfnfGt/df ToxL dg'jfnfO{ d}n] cf}Fnfdf grfpb} df:5', lsgsL p eg]sf] dfnkfP/ rfn gkfPsf] dg'jf x'G5 d]/f nflu .

d ;3g 5' . g/d 5' . d'G›Lb]lv s'08nL;Dd / yfnb]lv 8'Fuf;Dd cyf{t h;n] h] rfxG5, ToxL ToxL jG5' .  rfx]sf] cfsf/ lbg ;S5f} .  d]/f] z'2tfnfO{ Sof/]6df gflkG5 . @$ Sof/]6df ((=(( k|ltzt / @@ Sof/]6df (!=^& k|ltzt z'4tf /x]sf] x'G5 . nufgLdf @$ Sof/]6 jf ((=(( k|ltzt ePsf] / uxgfdf @@ Sof/]6 cyf{t (!=^& k|ltzt z'4tf ePsf] ;'gsf] k|of]u x'G5 .

k[YjLsf] w/ftndf hxf;'s} klg d x'g ;Sb5' t/ P]n;Dd ;a}eGbf a9L qmdzM blIf0f clk|msf, pQ/ cd]l/sf / c:6«]lnof dxfb]zdf /x]sf] 5' . k[YjLtn d} ca dfG5]n] pTvgg ug{ afFsL /x]sf] d]/f] dfqf sl/a %& xhf/ d]l6|s 6g dfq 5 . dnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L dfof u/]/ /fVg] b]z c:6«]lnof xf] .  d ;lhnf] u/L sxf+ kQf nfUb5' / . hl6n 5 d]/f] pTvgg / hf]lvldklg 5 . Ps 6g r§fg kmf]8\bf cf};tdf % u|fd dfq km]nf kb{5' . k|lt6g r§fg @=% u|fdeGbf a9L ;'g km]nf kf/]dfq pkltstf{x?sf] ktf{ p75 / s]xL gfkmf x'G5 . k/Dk/fut k|ljlw, s'l6/ / 3/]n" pWof]ub]lv 7"nf 7"nf k|ljlwx? nufP/ dnfO{ pw]N5g . cfh;Ddsf] d /x]sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] 3/ blIf0f clk|msfsf] hf]xfg];ju{ glhs}sf] PGuf]N8 cfzflGtsf] Pdkf]g]ª ;'gvfgL xf] . hxf sl/a kf+r lsnf]ld6/ tn;Dd k'u]sf] 5' d . ^^ l8u|L tfkqmdsf] /fksf] If]q ePsf]n] Toxf dnfO{ lr;fpg 5–;ft xhf/ 6g a/kmsf] 3f]n k|of]u ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . x/]s lbg kfFrxhf/ 6g lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ vr{g' k5{ d]/f] bz{gsf nflu . k{YjLsf] w]/} tn tn k'uL;s] dg'jfx? dnfO{ vf]Hg . oxL dlt / ultdf dnfO{ pw]Ng] xf]eg] k[YjLtndf d ;lsg ca w]/} jif{ nfUb}g . casf] ;ojif{kl5 zLnf vf]Hg'kg]{ cj:yfdf dfq xf]OgsL uGw vf]Hg' kg]{ cj:yfdf k'Ug] 5' .

dnfO{ w]/} pdf/]/ / paf/]/ /fVg] k|d'v b]zx?df qmdzM rLg, ci6«]nLof, cd]l/sf, ?; / blIf0f clk|msf kb{5g eg] d]/f] ?k;LkgnfO{ r'Dag ub}{ ljleGg vfGuL / jfGsLx?df lng] k|d'v b]zx?df rLg, ef/t, cd]l/sf, hd{g / yfONof08 kb{5g . dnfO{ hldgleq w]/} vf]Hg]xf]eg] blIf0f clk|msflt/ hfg", a}Ídf /x]sf vhfgfx?df w]/} x]g]{xf]eg] cd]l/sflt/ cfFvf nfg" / vlgh sRrf kbfy{ dfq xf]Og, k'/fgf df]afOn cflb oflGqs ;fwgx? a6'n]/ ;a}eGbf w]/} km;n agfPsf] x]g{ dg 5 eg] rLglt/ df]l8g" .

hxfFaf6 lsg]sf] xf], ToxLFdfq} las|L ug'{kg]{] dgf]efjgf lnP/, v/Lb vftf / las|L aLn tyf df}hft ljj/0f cflb gx]g]{ zt{df / htL{ tyf Hofnfsf] b/ dgrfx /x]sf]  a'em\g kfpg]  cj;/ :ynsf ?kdf k;n k;ndf 6gf6g ;'g x]g{ vf]Hg]nfO{, vf;df k'/fgf] / sl/a sl/a yf]qf g} eO;s]sf] t/ gfpn] gof g} /x]sf] g]kfnsf] Go"/f]8lt/ 3f]s|ofpg' . ToxfF hfg" jf k7fpg' cufl8 9'Ss x'g eGg' ls, hxfF k'u]kl5 vNtLdf clnslt vhfgf afFsL /fv]/ 3/ kms{g} kb}{g . ef/L ePsf] Hofg g} xn'Fuf] x'g] . Sof dHhf . g/x] afF; gah] afF;'/L .  

k[YjLtndf hlthlt ;lsb} hfG5' d .  Tolt Tolt d]/f] cfb/ / efp a9\b} hfg]5 . To;}n] t hldgd'lg kmnfdsf ;Gb'sx?df dvdnL cf]5ofP/ /fVg yfn]sf] klg w]/} ePsf] .;[li6sf] cflbd o'ub]lv g} d d"Nojfg t x'b} x'F t/ d]/f] d"Nodf x'b} uO/x]sf] crfSnL ptf/r9fjsf] kQf] kfpg] dg'io g} 5}g . uPsf] krf;jif{ cufl8;Ddsf] d]/f] d"No / cfhsf] d"NonfO{ ;D‰of]eg] yfxf x'G5 casf] krf;jif{kl5sf] d]/f] d"Nosf] prfO{ . ut jif{ cyf{t ;g @)@# df sl/a !% k|ltztn] a9]sf] d]/f] ahf/d"No . ;g @)@$ df @% k|ltzt eGbf sd ga9\g]df d 9'Ss 5' . g]kfndf aflx/L d'n'ssf] d"Noef/ PsltxfO / ef/tLo ahf/sf] d"No efp Psefu u/]/ To:df !% k|ltzt eG;f/ z'MNs / ! k|ltzt gfkmf /fVbf g} d]/f] efp dfly hfG5  . cem Hofnf htL{ !@ b]lv !* k|ltzt;Dd lng] ;'g rfFbL Aoj;foLx? / To;df vf;} jf:tf gug]{ pkef]Stf ;F/If0f ljefu / jfl0fHo ljefusf] ;xof]uL e"ldsfn] t d g]kfnsf pkef]Stfx? g} ?rfpF5' .

g]kfndf hlt hfG5' lg d, To;sf] t bz k|ltztklg d g]kfndf vkt x'b}g . kfgL h:t} aU5" blIflt/ . g afwF 5 . g t r]shfFrsf] ultnf] 5fF6 g} . blIf0flt/} aUg] kfgL / d]/f] afgL Pp6} 5 . alu/xG5 . alu/xG5' . a]n}df elg/fVof5F'' ls ;g\ @)@$ leq} g]kfndf bz u|fd ;'gsf] 8]9nfv cyf{t Pstf]nfsf] Psnfv k};F7\7L xhf/;Ddsf] d"Nodf d k'u]Feg] crDd gdfGg' . a? c? c? v]tL 5f]8]/ ;'gsf] v]tL ug'{ . g d"No 36g] . g dxTj 36g] . g tTsfn xbjGbLd} kg]{ . dgv';Lsf] p8fg v]tL ;'gr/Lsf] v]tL .  

uxgf cflbdf $% k|ltzt, l;Ssf / af/df @@ k|ltzt, a}sx?df !& k|ltzt tyf snfTds ;fdfgx? / cf}wf]lus k|of]u cflbdf !^ k|ltzt u/L df]6fdf]6L ?kdf d]/f] pkef]usf] If]qut dfqf xf] eGg] a'‰bf x'G5 . e]6of}eg] ;'gs} nfK;f 3/leq vfN6f] vg]/ /fVg' . uf8wg, emg} /fd|f] xf]nf . t/ s|dzM ;Gtfgx?nfO{ eg] atfpg' lg . gq cfkm" v'q'Ss . ;'g hldgdf n'q'Ss xf]nf . g]kfndf hU\uf hldgsf] xbaGbL 5 . d]/f] s'g} xbaGbL / vf;df eGg] xf] eg] s'g} ultnf] /f]saGbL klg 5}g . g leqL ?kdf /x]sf] d]/f] jhg / s'?k vf]Hg ;Sg] s'g} 5fF6sfF6 g} 5 .

cd]l/sL 8n/ ;:tLbf / e"tndf o'2 /GsLbf d]/f] efp emg} a9\5 . 3";vf]/L,sld;g vf]/L, sfnf]ahf/L, gfkmfvf]/L, s/5nL cflb u/]/ sfnf]wg n'sfpg]x?, nfu" cf}ifw xftxltof/sf Jofkf/Lx?, cGt/fli6«o cftFsjfbdf nufgL ug]{x?b]lv lnP/ cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf ljw'tLo d'›f -lqmK6f] cflb_ sf sf/f]af/Lx? d]/f cbe"t r'Dagstf{x? x'g . s]lx s]lx dfG5]x? dlt lalu|Pkl5 ;'/f / ;'Gb/Lk|lt clws nt a;fN5g . clg d]/} ?klt/ P]z, s[lt, wg bf}nt, Odfg hdfg ;a} ;a} v;fN5g . d k|ltsf] clt cfzlStkgn] ubf{ slt sltn] t cfkm"x?sf] gf8Ldf ;'gsf] ;6\6f kmnfdsf] l;s|L nufP/ sfnsf]7/Lsf] cfkm\g} ;jf/L rnfp5g / rnfO/x]sf klg 5g .  

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