सजाय खापिने कसूरहरु

  

        dfG5]sfnflu d[To'b08 g} ;a}eGbf 7'nf] ;hfo xf] . hLjg lbg] Ifdtf s]jn k|s[ltdf dfq 5 . dfG5]df 5}g . To;}n] s;}sf] hLjg lng] u/L sfg"g agfpg] clwsf/ klg dflg;nfO{ 5}g . d[To'b08sf] ;hfo /flvg' x'b}g eGg] k|s[lt;Ddt sfg"gsf kIfw/x?/ bfz{lgs dfgj clwsf/jfbLx?sf] bfaL 5 . csf]{lt/ ckx/0f, ckx/0fkl5 xTof, ;fd'lxs anfTsf/, k6s] / qm'/ck/fwL, b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L dflg;sf] Ps}k6s ug]{ h:tf cfdxTof, /fi6«bf]xL / h3Go e|i6frf/LnfO{ d[To'b08 lbg' cfjZos x'G5 dfgjtf arfpgsf / l;+uf] ;dfh jf /fi6« arfpgsf nflu eGg]x?sf] ;V+ofklg sd 5}g . dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg / /Ifs d'n'ssf ?kdf bl/g d[To'b08sf] Aoj:yf d'n'sL sfg"gdf gx'g' clgjfo{ / cfd ;xdltsf] laifo klg x}g . ;+;f/sf w]/} b]zx?df d[To'b08sf] Joj:yf sfod /x]sf] 5 . cd]l/sfdf g} klg clws /fHox?df d[To'b08n] a}wflgstf kfPsf] 5 .  

dfG5] dfG5]sf ?kdf /x];Dd dfq dfG5] xf] . dfG5]af6 lu/]kl5 p bfgj g} xf] . dfgj clwsf/ dfG5]sf] sf]6Ldf /x];Dd x'g] ;Ddfgsf] kf6f] xf] . cfkm\g} xltof/ klg ;'/Iffsfnflu xf] cfkm\g} c;'/Iff x'g]eof]eg] To:tf] xltof/ dfG5]n] /fVb}g / /fVg' g} x'b}g . gi6 ub{5 . xf], o:t} xf] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfgsf] laifo klg . ha Ps jf s]xL dfG5]n] cfkm"h:t} c? dfG5]sf] ;Ddfg ug{ ;Sb}g / aa{/tf b]vfpFb5 eg] p;sf] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug{ /fHo afWo x'g' x'b}g . clwsf/ ;fk]Iotfsf] laifo xf] . st{Ao lagfsf] clwsf/ ;Dej 5}g .

To;}n] lgn{Hh ?kdf aa{/ oftgfsf ;fy ;dfhnfO{ g} ql;t x'g] u/L ck/fw ug]{x?sf nflu /fHo ;w} ;Ddfgsf] xft lnP/ a:g' x'b}g . vf; vf; cj:yfdf d[To'b08sf] ;hfosf] Joj:yf cfjZos 5 . Voflt k|s/0f o;sf] Ps ha{h:t pbfx/0f xf] .

cfkm}n] k9fpg] laBfyL{ Voflt >]i7nfO{ sf]7fdf af]nfP/ slkmdf n7\ofpg] cf}iflw xfnL a]xf]; kf/]/ anfTsf/ u/L dfg]{, nfznfO{ 6'qmf 6'qmf kf/]/ w]/}lt/sf h+undf kmfNg] / afa'cfdfnfO{ ckx/0fdf k/]sf] eg]/ /sd lng];Ddsf] kf;ljz Pjd\ ck/flws sfo{df nfUg] aL/]g >]i7sf] s's[Toaf6 cflht eP/ vf; vf; cj:yfdf d[To'b08 cfjZos ePsf] ax;df pqg' k/]sf] xf] -x]g'{xf];, uf]/vfkq @)^^.)#.!(_ of] n]vsnfO{ klg .

vftL xTof k|s/0fkl5  d[To'b08sf] jsfnt ug]{x?sf] tFftL g} nfUof] . nf]stGqsf] dl;x 7fGg] cd]l/sf nufot laZjsf ax';V+os b]zdf d[To'b08 axfnL /x]sf] pbfx/0f lbb}+ laz]if cj:yfdf d[To'b08sf]  Aoa:yf x'g'kg]{ cfjfhx? cfO/x]sf 5g\ . kl5Nnf lbgdf u}/ g]kfnL gful/s, hf] k6s] / h3Go ck/fwL b]lvG5, To;nfO{ klg /fli6«o wg vr{ u/]/ sf/fuf/df dfgjclwsf/sf] ;Ddfgsf ;fy kfnL /xg'sf] s'g} cy{ 5}g . To:t} ck/fwdf cfkm\gf] d'n'sdf d[To'b08sf] Joj:yf ePsf lab]zL gful/sx?nfO{ g]kfndf g]kfnL gful/s ;/xsf] ;'lawf lbP/, s}bLsf] dfgjclwsf/sf] ;Ddfgsf] cfjfhsf] ;Ddfgsf ;fy sf/fuf/df /fVg'n] t g]kfnLx?nfO{ g} Ao+Uªo ug]{ cfwf/ ag]sf] 5 . To;}n] To:tf] cj:yfsf lab]zL gful/snfO{ / ;}lgs jf k|x/L jbL{wf/Ln] abL{sf] b'?kof]u u/]/ ug]{ h3Go ck/fw -Hofg, ckx/0f, anfTsf/ / n'6kf6_ x?df klg d[To'b08sf] ;hfosf] cfjZostf af/]df ax;x? cfO/x]sf -c?0f a/fn–hgcf:yf @)^&.!@.)@_ 5g\ . slt kfNg] q'm/ / cdfgjLo k|s[ltsf h30o ck/fwLx?nfO{ dfgaf]lrt Aoaxf/ u/]/ /fHon] < .

ad laikmf]6g4f/f cfd xTof / Wj+z u/sf] 7x/Lg] t/ ToxL s's{dwf/LnfO{ /fHosf] 7"nf] ;fwg / ;|f]t vr]{/ sf/fuf/df /fVg] << ;g\ @))* df ef/tsf] d'DaO{df cfqmd0f u/]/ !^% hgfsf] Hofg lng]] /  /]Nj] cfqmd0faf6 %@ hgfsf] Hofg lng] 36gfsf] g]t[Tjstf{ / d'Vo cleo'Qm egL bf]ifL 7x/LPsf]  df]xDb cHdfn s;fanfO{ /flvPsf] cy{/ /f]8 h]nsf] ;'/Iffsf] vr{nfO{ Ps cWoogsf] laifosf ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . hFxf p;sf] ;'/Iffsf nflu ul/Psf] laz]if k|aGwdf tLg dlxgfdf !^ s/f]8 ef? vr{ ePsf] tYof+Í k|sfzdf cfPsf] -gful/s @)^*.)*.)*_ 5 . o; d'2fdf pRr cbfntaf6 ef/tLo sfg"g cg';f/ d[To'b08 7x/ eO{ ;af]{Rr cbfntdf larf/flwg /x]sf] 5 . xf], o:t} o:t} cj:yf cyf{t ;+ul7t qm'/ / cfdg/+;+xf/ h:tf uDeL/ ck/fwdf d[To'b08sf] cfjZostf /x]sf] eGg] g]kfnL hgdt kl5Nnf lbgx?df emg\ a9L/x]sf]  5 . dfgj clwsf/afbLx?sf lardf klg o;laifodf dt}Sotf 5}g . dfgj clwsf/ la?4sf] h3Go ck/fw ug]{ Ps jf s]xL dfG5]sf] dfgj clwsf/sf] /Iffsf] laifo uDeL/ laifo xf] ls l;+uf] dfgj ;dfhsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] /Iffsf] laifo < ck/flws s'sd{ ug]{sf] dfgj clwsf/sf] /Iffdf /fHosf] ;+a]bglzntf a9\g'kg]{ xf]ls aFfr]sf af afFRg rfxg]x?sf] < kLl8tx?sf] /fxtsf] nflu /fHosf] Wofg a9L hfg' kg]{ xf]ls ck/fwLsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] /Iffsf] < dfgj clwsf/nfO{ bfz{lgs dxTjaf6 dfq x]g]{ ls Aoaxfl/s oyfy{tfsf] sf]0faff6 x]g]{ < ofjt ;jfnx? p7\g ;Sb5g\ o;sf] ax;df .

;fdfGotM sf]xL klg d[To'b08sf] kIfw/ x'g' x'b}g . t/ ;dfh / /fi6«sf] cl:tTj / dxTj tyf cv08tf arfO{ /fVg s'g} Ps AolQm jf s]xL AolQmnfO{ a}wflgs cfwf/df ;flwsf/ Gofokflnsfsf] 7x/sf;fy lbO{g] ;hfosf] Ps s7f]/ ?k;Ddsf ?kdf d[To'b08nfO{ lng' kb{5 . of] /fHo jf Aoj:yfsf] /x/sf] laifo x}g g of] Tolt ;xh ?kdf lng] laifo g} xf] . of] t  afWofTds clgafo{tf xf] /fHosf] klg .

cfkm\g} laBfyL{ Voflt >]i7nfO{ ckx/0f u/]/ dfg]{ lzIfs aL/]g >]i74f/f 36fOPsf] Voflt k|s/0f xf]; jf lrghfg s} dfG5]x?sf] ;lqmotfdf z'nd zfxnfO{ ckx/0f u/]/, krf; nfv lkm/f}tL dfu ug]{ / cGttM df/]/ ;'6s]zdf xfnL nf; a]kQf kfg]{;Ddsf] ;d"xut ?kdf ePsf] lgzF;tf g} lsg gxf]; < Hofb} dg b'Vg] 36gfx? g]kfnL e"lddf x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . kl/0ffd :j?k s7f]/ ;hfosf] dfWodaf6 8/ k}bf u/]/ klg ;dfhdf h3Go ck/fwsf] /f]syfd ug'{kg]{ afWofTds kl/l:ylt ;[hgf ePsf] 5 .

q'm/ ck/fwLx?nfO{ h]ndf c?nfO{ h:t} ;dfg ;'ljwfsf;fy /fVg' q'm/tfsf cGo dgf]a[ltx?nfO{ k/f]Io ?kdf k|f]T;fxg lbPsf] h:tf] x'g' xf] . dfgjf]lrt hLjg ofkgsf nflu ;'ljwf n]p / sf/fuf/df a;]/ s]xL ;do s6fp . cem s}b s6\6Lsf cfwf/x?af6 kmfObf lnb} 7x/ ePsf] PsltxfO{ eGbf sd cjlw dfq s}bdf a;]/ h]n aflx/ cfp eGg] dfGotf / z}nLsf] ;hfosf] xfnsf] k|fjwfg lsdfy{klg Aoaxfl/s / Gofo;+ut 5}g . cfhLjg sl7g ;>d sf/faf;sf] ;hfo o;sf] a}slNks Aoa:yf x'g ;Sb5 . d[To'b08sf] Aoa:yf ePsf w]/} b]zx?df /x]sf cg]s s;"/x?sf] ;Gbe{df klg of] cfhLjg sl7g ;>d sf/faf;sf] ;hfo d[To'b08 ;hfonfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ lasNk x'g ;Sb5 . 

 To:t};Gbe{x?sf] ubf{ Ps sfnv08 / ;doqmddf vf; vf; cj:yffdf d[To'b08klg x'g ;Sg]u/L sfg"g aGg' kb{5 eGg]x?sf] kIfsf cfjfh / ts{x?nfO{ ;dy{g ug{ afWo kf/]sf] xf] df . hGds}b;Ddsf] dfq ;hfo x'g] / hGds}b eGgfn] aL;aif{;Dd dfq a'lemg] xfd|f] ;Gbe{df cem s}bdf /x]sf] a]nfsf] cfFr/0f / Aoaxf/sf] d'Nof+sgaf6 s]xL s}b ldgfxf x'g] Aoa:yfn] ck/fwLx? l56f] 5'6]/ km]l/ ck/fw ug{ k'Ug] ;+Defjgf /x]sf] b]zdf abnfsf] efjgfn] /xg], v'+vf/ ck/fwLx?n] k/f]Io ?kdf k|>o kfpg] e"ld ;/x aGg uPsf] 5 . To;}n] k|:tflat kmf}Hbf/L sfg"g ;hfo lgwf{/0f tyf sfof{Gojg ;DaGwL law]ossf] bkmf $# n] hGds}bsf] ;hfonfO{ #) jif{df k'¥ofPklg / bkmf #! n] qm'/ oftgf lbO{ jf lgdd{tfk"j{s Hofg lnOPsf]df, afo'ofg ckx/0f u/L laikmf]6 u/L Hofg lnPdf, ckx/0f u/L jf zl//aGws agfO{ Hofg lnPdf, ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|of]u x'g] k]o kbfy{df laif xfnL Hofg lnPdf, hflto xTof ug]{ s;"/ u/]df / ha{h:tLs//0fL u/L xTof u/]sf]df cfhLjg s}b s} ;hfo x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . t/klg Toltn] dfq lrQ a'em\b}g d[To'b08sf kIfw/x?nfO{ . qm'/ ck/fw / dfgj xTofsf k6s]x?nfO{ d[To'b08sf] ;hfosf dfWodaf6 ck/fwLsf] ;dflKtkl5 ck/fwsf] cGTosf] dfGotfnfO{ c+lusf/ ug{df pgLx? hf]8 lbG5g\ .

^) jif{ s}b ;hfo =====eGg] h:tf a}b]lzs cbfntx?af6 ePsf km};nfsf s]xL ;dfrf/x? k9\bf nfUbYof] ;dfrf/ e'm7f] xf] . otLw]/} klg s+xL s}bsf] ;hfo x'G5====== . :k]gdf hltw]/} ck/fw u/]klg s}b e'Qmfgsf] clwjstd\ cjlw $) jif{ /x]sf] 5 . s}b ;hfo x'bf w]/}jif{ ePklg s}b e'QmfgL ubf{eg] sd s}bdf  a;] x'g] h:tf] Aoa:yf ;+;f/sf w]/} d'n'sx?df /x]sf] 5 . s}b vflkg] / vflkPsf] s}bsf] cjlw cg';f/ g} klg ;hfo x'g] Aoj:yf klg /x]ePsf] kfOG5 . cGt x}g g]kfn sfg"gd} o;k|sf/sf] Aoj:yf 5 . cem Ps} jf/bftdf ePsf w]/} ck/fwx? -h:t}M ha{h:tLs/0fL u/L, 3/df cfuf] nufO{, dfG5] df/]/, wgdfn;d]t 8s}lt u/L nu]sf]_ df x'g] ;hfox? ;a} g} x'g] / ;a}sf] lx;fa hf]l8b} hfg] / ;a}sf] s"nhDdf cjlw a/fa/ g} sf/fuf/df a:g'kg]{ Aoa:yf ePsf d'n'sx?df s}b ;hfosf] dfqf krf; ;f7L jif{ x'g' :jeflas} xf] .

o; vfnsf ck/fwdf ;hfo vflkb} hfFbf w]/} ;hfo x'g] / To;/L ePsf ;hfox?df s}bdf g} a:g'kg]{ Joj:yf ePsf]df lhGbuL g} s}bdf latfpg kg]{ x'G5 lt ck/fwLx?nfO{ . ;hfo t w]/} x'g] t/ s}b eg] Ps} k6s sfl6g] Joj:yf / clwst\d @) jif{ dfq s}b x'g] Joj:yf ePsf g]kfn sfg"gsf Joj:yfx? h:t} ePdf eg] h30o ck/fwLx? lglZrt jif{df g} sf/fuf/af6 5'6\g k'Ub5g\ .

pbfx/0fsf ?kdf slkna:t' laBfgu/ ( a:g] uf]nL eGg] hfls/ x';]gsf] d'2fnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . o;}u/L sflnsf * alb{ofsf xl/s[i0f 8+uf]nsf] d'2fnfO{ lng ;lsG5, h:df xf8gftf kg]{ gfafnLsnfO{ ha{h:tLs/0fL u/]sf] cleof]u 7x/]sfn] qmdzM !), % / !) jif{ s}b eO{ hDd @% jif{ s}b ;hfo ePsf] cj:yf -sflGtk'/ @)^*.%.$_ lyof] .

 8f+sf, v'g 8f+sf, uf}jw, s}baf6 efu]sf] h:tf d'2fx?df s"n !!! jif{ s}bsf] ;hfo kfPsf / @),)@))) hl/jfgsf] ;hfo tf]lsPsf hfls/ x';]gsf] s}b a:g' kg]{ cjlw g]kfn sfg"g cg';f/ !!! jif{ t x'b} x'b}g . s"n s}b afkt clwStd\ @) jif{ s}b / hl/jfgf afkt $ jif{ u/L hDdfhDdL @$ jif{ dfq x'g hfG5 . t/ ;hfo vflkg] s;"/x?sf ;DaGwdf eg] vflkPsf] s}b a/fa/ g} s}bdf a:g' kb{5 . ;hfo vflkg] ;DaGwdf s]xL sfg"gdf dfq Aoj:yf /x]sf] kfOG5 . s}b vflkg] cj:yfsf dfga lsga]r h:tf s]xL d'2fx?df s}b ldGxf ;d]t x'b}g .

 ;a{Zj;lxt hGds}b x'g] ;hfodf yk ;hfo x'g] x'G5 / < t/ ;f] afx]sf cGo cj:yfdf ;hfo vflkg] s]xL sfg"gL ;Gbe{x?n] a9L ;hfo x'g] cj:yf kbf]{ /x]5 . o; s'/fsf] Aoaxfl/s 1fg jf cg'ej Tolta]nf dfq /fd|/L eof] hlta]nf @& jif{ s}b 7x/sf] ;hfonfO{ ;b/ u/]/ km};nf ug{ k'luof] . x]/f}+ To; d'2fsf] tYonfO{ .

ha s]zjgfy g]kfn k|x/Ldf elt{ x'G5g\, ta pgdf Psk|sf/n] dft r9]/ cfp+5 zfobM . 3/df /x]sL >LdtL /fds'df/L -gfd kl/jlt{t gfd_ dg kb}{lgg\ / sGofs'df/L -gfd kl/jlt{t gfd_ nfO{ laafx ub{5g\ . To;kl5 pgdf xf]; cfFp5 . ax'laafxdf kl/g] 8/sf] xf]; . 5f]/f;lxtsL >LdtLnfO{ s;/L kG5fpg] < pgsf] dgn] hfnf] a'Gg ;'? ub{5 . sfsf dfggfysf] u'xf/ dfUb5g\ . sfsfn] a}t8L gu/fF}sf u+ufbQ gfynfO{ e]6fp5g\ . u+ufbQ gfy, hf] ax'laafx ubf{ klg s]jn ;ftj6L 5f]/Lsf dfq afa' x'G5g\ / 5f]/f gePsf]n] d/]kl5 a}t0fL{ gtl/g] 8/n] 56kl6\6P/ a;]sf x'G5\g\ . ptf uu+fbQ gfy a}tl0f{ tg]{ k'qnfesf] vf]lhsf] clGtd k|of; ub{5g\, otf s]zagfy h]7L >LdtL kG5fP/ a:g] d'Qm jftfj/0fsf] vf]hLdf /x]sf x'G5g\ . 5f]/f kfpg] cfzdf Pp6fnfO{ h;/L klg csL{ >LdtL rflxPsf] 5, csf]{nfO{ h;/L klg kG5fpg' k/]sf] 5 . To;sfo{sf] dWo:ystf{ aGg k'u] s]zagfysf sfsf dfgl;+x gfy . dx]Gb|gu/af6 5f]/f;lxtsL >LdtL tyf a'xf/L /fds'df/LnfO{ uf8Ldf xfn]/ nfUb5g\ pQ/lt/ . ptfaf6 em/]sf] x'G5 u++ufbQ gfy . a}t8Lsf] l;Nn]u8f eGg] :yfgdf e]6 x'g] 6]lnkmf]g aftf{ cg';f/ e]6 x'G5 . ;'?df sfd ug]{ :yfg afh'/f hfg] eGb} nu]sf lar af6f] a}t8Lsf] l;Nn]u8fdf cf]/fNbf pgnfO{ crDd nfu] xf]nf t/ Ps}l5gdf Pp6f sfuhdf ;lx u/fP/ cfkm"x? kl5 cfpg] hfb} ug'{ egL a;df /fv]/ s'n]nd\ 7f]S5g\ s]zjgfy / dfggfyx? .

a}t8Lsf] g+u/f} cyf{t uu+fbQ gfysf] 3/ k'Ubf dfq yfxf kfpFl5g\ ;ft 5f]/Lx?sL cfdf cyf{t ;f}tf dfly NofPsf /x]5g\ uu+fbQ gfyn] . cfkm\g} klt s]zjgfy / sfsf ;;'/f dfgl;+x gfysf] lalqmsf] sf/0fn] . /ftdf anfTs[t x'lG5g\ . lbgdf k|tfl8t . l5d]sL ldq /fi6« ef/t dfOtL / g]kfnnfO{ 3/ agfPsL /fds'df/L g t /fd|/L g]kfnL efiff hfGbl5g\ g t e]if / ;:+sf/ g} . 

dfOtLx?sf] vf]hlag / ;xf/fn] hfx]/L lblG5g\ k|x/Ldf . / u+ufbQ gfy tTsfn kqmfp kb{5g\ / tTsfn km/f/ /x]sf k|x/L hjfg s]zjgfy km/f/ /x]/ s+xf hfpg / < kqmfp kb{5g cGttM pgL klg .  sfsf dfgl;+x gfy km/f/sf] km/f/} /xG5g\ .

u+ufbQ gfyn] k|x/Ldf x'jx' ?kdf eGb5g\ 36gfnfO{ t/ cbfntdf vl/b u/]sf] x}g, >LdtL agfpg nu]sf] eGb} k6s k6s pgsf] OR5flakl/t of}g ;DaGw sfod /fv]sf]df ;flat g} x'G5g\ . s]zjgfy laqmL t ePsf] xf] t/ cfkm"n] x}g, sfsf dfgl;+x gfyn] emf/km's u/fpg] eGb} kxf8lt/ nu]/ laqmL u/]sf eGb} cfk\mgf] ;DnUgtfsf] af/]df OGsf/L x'g vf]Hb5g\ t/ pgL;d]tsf] ;lx5fk /xL, pgs} /f]xa/df l;Nn]u8fdf agfPsf] sfuh af]ln/x]sf] x'G5 pgsf] ;DnUgtfsf] af/]df . k6s k6s x]nf u/]sf] / vfg nfpg glbPsf] eGg] h:tf tYox? dfOltaf6 cfpF5g\ . hfx]/jfnLn] hfx]/L / tTsfnsf] sfuhnfO{ lhNnf GofofwLz ;dIf ;gfvt ub}{ sfaf{xL cufl8 a9fpg cg'/f]w ub{l5g\ .

o;lar ;'?df km/f/ /x]sf] s]zagfysf] v]n hfx]/jfnLnfO{ lakl/t cyf{t pN6f];fIfL -hostile_ agfpg]lt/ dfq} ePsf] x'G5 t/ pgnfO{ s] yfxf < dfgg lsga]rsf] h:tf dfdnfx?df To;/L ;gfvt u/]klg lakl/t ;fIfL -hostile witness_ x'g' / gx'g'sf] vf;} cy{ 5}g eGg] s'/f . askqdf lakl/t, x'nfsdfkm{tsf] lga]bgaf6 klg lakl/t . t}klg s]zjgfysf] d'lQm jf lgbf]{liftf k|dfl0ft ePg .

cGttM lhNnf cbfnt a}t8Ln] s]zjgfynfO{ dfgj lsga]r u/]sf] s;"/df @) aif{ s}b tyf b'O{nfv hl/jfgf, ;+/Ifssf ?kdf /x]sf] kltn] g} a]r]sf]n] d"n  ;hfosf] klRr; k|ltztn] yk % jif{ s}b / krf;xhf/ hl/jfgf tyf /fi6«;]js k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf ?kdf /x]sf]n] d"n ;hfosf] yk bz k|ltzt cyf{t b'O{jif{ s}b tyf aL;xhf/ hl/jfgf yk ;d]t hDdf @& jif{ s}b / @,%),))). hl/jfgf u/L ;f] hl/jfgfaf6 ? !,@%,))). Ifltk"lt{ :j?k /fds'df/Ln] kfpg] 7x/ u¥of] .

o;}u/L u+ufbQ gfysf] xSdf klg dfgj lsga]rtkm{ @) jif{ s}b b'O{nfv hl/jfgf / ha{h:tL s/0fLtkm{ ha{h:tL s/0fLsf] #-%_ g+=n] % jif{ s}b x'g] 7x/sf ;fy ? %),))). Ifltk'lt{ afkt /fds'df/Ln] kfpg] 7x/ eof] / sfsf dfggfysf xSdf km/f/ /x]sfn] c=a+ !() g+ adf]lhd b'O{jif{sfnflu d'ntjLdf /xg uPsf] /x]5 .

km};nf n]vL;s]kl5, k9\b} hfFbf nfUof] of] t Pp6f b'MvfGt syfsf] laifo kf] /x]5 . lgdf{tfx?sf] cfvf+df k¥of] eg] sf?l0fs o; syfdf cfwfl/t lkmNd ga]/ s] 5f]8\nf h:tf] . of] jf:tljs 36gf xf] t/ o;df cGo zAbsf kfog yk]/ syf agfpg] xf] jf pkGof; g} agfpg] xf] eg] Tof] ;af{lws ?kdf laqmL x'g] gofFl;h{gf aG5 xf]nf h:tf] klg nfUof] dg}leq . dgn] s] s] ;f]Rof] ;f]Rof] . dfgj hlftleqsf] o;k|sf/sf] bfgj k|a[ltsf w]/} b[Zox? cfkm\g} Gffs jl/kl/ cfP/ lh:sfpg nfu] cfkm}nfO{ .

cflv/ Pp6f Gofostf{nfO{ klg lsg 5f]8\y] / lt b'bfG{t syfx?n] / lt dfgjtf la/f]wL Aoyfx?n] . clzIffsf] e"dl/df lk/f]lNn/x]sf g]kfn cfdfsf 5f]/Lx? / /fds'df/L h:tf a'xf/Lx?sf ;'lbg cfpg] slxn] xf]nf < slxn] xf]nf s]zjgfyx?sf] dgdf hLjg;fyL k|ltsf] k"0f{ pQ/bfloTj af]w < PSsfO;f}+ ztflAbsf] ;dodf klg g]kfnLleq c7f/f}+ ztflAbsf sxfnLnfUbf o:tf b'bf{Gt Aoyfx? < pkm\ Û Ps k|sf/n] cf}8fx / 56\kl6 g} eof] d]/f] dgleq . GofofwLzsf x}l;otn] n]Vbf km};nfdf efjgfsf dgf]ut 5fnx?nfO{ n]Vg gldNg] < g t of] cfn]vdf g} klg To;/L efjgfTds ?kdf AoQm eP/ jf ofyy{tfdf yk /ª e/]/ cem a9L snfTdstf lbP/ hfg g} ldNb5 . lsgL cem}klg d'2fsf] clGtd lg0f{o x'g afFsL g} 5 . ;Ddflgt ;af]{Rr cbfntsf] km};nf dfq clGtd x'g] 5 o; d'2fdf klg . 

cGttM =====æsfg"g lakl/tsf s'g} klg sfo{sf af/]df yfxf hfgsf/L kfpg] lalQs} sfaf{xLsf nfuL kxn ug'{ kg]{, hgtfsf] lhpwgsf] ;'/Iffsfnflu cxf]/fq sd{If]qdf vl6g' kg]{ / g]kfn k|x/Lsf] æ;To;]jf ;'/IffÆ sf] dfGotfnfO{ lz/df /fv]/ b]z / hgtfsf nflu kl/cfP Hofgs} jlnbfgL klg lbg tof/ /xg'kg]{ /fi6«;]js k|x/L sd{rf/Laf6 cfkm\g} >LdtL laqmL ug]{;Ddsf] sfo{ h3Go, cdfgjLo / lgGbgLo dfq x}g, ck/flws lqmofsf] k/fsfi7tfsf] Ps ?k xf] . dlxnfsf] ;Ddfghgs hLjg tyf zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s cv08tfsf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo gful/s tyf /fhg}lts clwsf/ laifos k|lt1fkq -wf/f ^,& / (_ sf] ljkl/t sfo{ klg xf]Æ eGg] k|f;+lus syg -Obiter dicta _ sf;fy =========s]zjgfysf] xSdf @& jif{ s}b tyf ? @,&),))) -b'O{nfv ;Q/Lxhf/_ hl/jfgf x'g] / hfx]/jfnLn] hl/jfgf c+ssf] ? !,#%,))) -Psnfv k}lt;xhf/_ Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] 7x/fPsf] OG;fkm ldn]s} b]lvg cfof]======= eg]/ a}t8L lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nf ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ;b/ x'g uof] .

 hGds}bsf] ;hfo klg bfdf;flxdf Nofpg] ;Gbe{df @) jif{sf] dfq s}bsf] lx;fa x'G5 . oFxf t @& jif{ s}b} x'g uof] . yk ;hfo x'g] ;Gbe{x?df s}b ldGxf jf s§L gx'g] / hl/jfgf klg x'g] k|fawfgx? c?klg 5g\ . ltgLx?sf af/]df hfGg klg nfnlot eof] d]/f] dg .

 yk ;hfo x'g] g]kfn sfg"gsf ;Gbe{x? d'n'sL P]g ha{h:tLs/0fLsf] dxn, cbnsf] dxn / dfga a]rlavg tyf cf];f/ k;f/ -lgoGq0f _ P]g @)^$ df /x]sf k|fjwfgx? / cGo Joj:yfx? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .

-!_ ha{h:tLs/0fLsf] @ g+                xf8gftfdf kg]{nfO{ ha{h:tL s/0fL u/]sf]df xf8gftfs/0fLdf x'g];hfo ;d]t yk x'g] . 

-@_ ha{h:tLs/0fLsf] # s g=             ;fd'lxs ?kdf ha{h:tLs/0fL u/]sf]df jf ue{jtL ckf+u / ;'Ts]/L cj:yfdf ha{h:tLs/0fL u/]df yk % jif{ s}b x'g] .

-#_ ha{h:tLs/0fLsf] # v g+             dfgj k|lt/f]ws Ifdtf gi6 ePsf] -HIV_ /f]u nfu]sf] hfgL hfgL ha{h:tLs/0fL u/]]df yk Psjif{ s}b x'g] .

-$_ ha{h:tLs/0fLsf] ( s g+             gfafns;+u ck|fs[lts d}y'g ePdf yk Psjif{ s}b x'g] .  

-%_ cbnsf] % g+                        s}b jf y'gfdf k/]sf]nfO{ kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Ln] ha{h:tLs/0fL u/]sf]df Psjif{b]lv # jif{;Dd s}b eO cGo sfg"gn] x'g] s}b ;d]t yk x'g] .

-^_ df=a]===P]g @)^$sf] !%-#_            ;fa{hlgs kbwf/0f u/]sf] AolQmn] ;f] s;"/ u/]df yk @% k|ltzt cyf{t % jif{s}b tyf %)))) hl/jfgf x'g] .

-&_ df=a]===P]g @)^$sf] !%-$_           ;+/Ifs, cleefjs jf xf8gftfsf] s/0fLsf] dxnn] ;hfo x'g] cj:yfsf dflg;n] ;f] s;"/ u/]sf]df yk bz k|ltzt cyf{t b'O{ jif{ s}b tyf @)))). hl/jfgf x'g] .

-*_ df=a]===P]g @)^$sf] !%-$_           s;"/ bf]xf]/\ofP/ u/]df k|To]s k6ssf] Psrf}yfO{n] yk s}b tyf hl/jfgf x'b} hfg] .

-(_ e|=lg=P]g @)%( sf] @$              lalzi6 >]0fL jf ;:+yfgsf] dxfk|aGws ;/x jf ;f] eGbf dflyNnf] kbflwsf/Ln] e|i6frf/ u/]df c?nfO{ x'g] ;hfodf yk # aif{;Dd s}b x'g ;Sg] .

-!)_ ;}lgs P]g @)!^ sf] ^$            bkmf ^@ adf]lhdsf] ;hfo ubf{ b]xfosf] -r_ kl5sf] ;hfo yk x'g ;Sg] .

!!_ ckx/0f ug]{ tyf z/L/ aGws

    lng]sf] dxnsf] & g+                 ;+ul7t ?kdf ckx/0f jf z/L/aGwssf] s;"/ u/]sf]dfyk b'O{jif{ s}b x'g] .

!@_ ckx/0f ug]{ tyf z/L/ aGws

    lng]sf] dxnsf] & g                 dlxnf jf gfafns la?4sf] ckx/0f tyf z/L/ aGwssf] s;"/ u/]sf]df yk b'O{jif{ s}b x'g] .

yk ;hfosf] cf}lrTo / dxTj

yk ;hfosf] of] Joj:yfnfO{ b08sf] lg/f]wfTds -Deterrent theory_ l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t /x]sf] Joj:yfsf ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . ;dfhdf ;Defljt ck/flwx?nfO{ s7f]/ ;hfo lbP/ b'?T;flxt agfpg] / ck/fwLnfO{ ;d]t s7f]/ ;hfosf] dfWodaf6 bl08t agfpg] o;sf] dfGotf xf] . ;hfo vflkg] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] k5fl8 klg oxL dfGotf /x]sf] 5 . o;/L s7f]/ ;hfo ul/Pg eg] l56f] l56f] sf/fuf/af6 5'6\g] / k'gM ck/fw ug{ k'Ug] x'G5g\ eg] csf]{tkm{ Tolt g} s}b x'g] c? ck/fwsf ck/fwLx? / o; k|sf/sf laz]if vfnsf ck/fwLx?sf] ck/fwsf] sd{df leGgtf cfpg ;Sb}g . dfgj ;dfhsf] ;'/Iff / Joj:yfsfnflu s]xL ck/fwnfO{ laz]if hf]lvdo'Qm dfg]/ /fHon] sfg"g4f/f ;hfosf] ;Gbe{df klg laz]if Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . o;n] ck/fwsf] lalzli7s/0f / h3Go ck/fwdf yk / s7f]/ ;hfosf] Joj:yf ug]{ laifodf dxTj lbPsf] x'G5 . o;k|sf/sf ck/fwLx?nfO tf]lsPsf] ;'lawf lbP/ sf/fuf/df a;fn]/ dfq} x}g lgdf{0f tyf Joj:yfsf >dd"ns sfo{x?df ;d]t nufpg] u/L ;hfosf] of] Joj:yfdf cem k'g{larf/ ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvG5 . dfgjtf la?4sf] ck/fw ug]{x?nfO{ s]jn s}bdf a;fn]/ x}g ls dfgj lxt s} kIfdf sfd ug{ afWo kf/]/ dfq k|folZrt u/fpg' kb{5 .

;s]sf] sfd sf/fuf/df a:bf klg ug'{kg]{ >ds}bsf] Joj:yf c? c? ck/fwsf bf]ifLx?nfO{ klg >ds}bsf] dfGotfleq Nofpg] xf]eg] Psflt/ lasf; lgdf0f{sf] sfo{df hgzlQm afktsf] vr{ aRg hfG5 eg] csf]{lt/ cN5L / sfdrf]/ dgf]a[ltsf ck/fwLx?nfO{ >dhLaL hLjgz}nLsf] kf7 klg l;sfpb5 . o;sfnflu k|ydtM ;hfo Joj:yfsf ;DaGwdf kl/jt{g / kl/dfh{gsfnflu lawfoLsL Wofg hfg' cfjZos 5 . To;kl5 dfq ;hfo lgwf{/0fsf ;DaGwdf Goflos kbflwsf/Lx?sf] yk lhDd]jf/L cfpF5 .                                                                                                                        @)^& r}q