ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf afx|v/Lx?

-;f/f+zM sfg"gn] ug{' eg]sf] sfd gug{' / gug{' eg]sf] sfd ug{' ck/fw xf] . kmf}hbf/L sfg"gsf] d"n p2]Zo kmf}hbf/L s;"/sf] lgjf/0f ug{' xf] . ck/fw sfg"g tf]8\g] jf st{Ao lgaf{x ubf{ sfg"g 5f]8g] b'a} dfgl;stfsf] pkh xf] . dgf];dflhs kIfaf6 x]bf{ ck/fwL cufl8 cufl8 cg';Gwfg k5fl8 k5fl8 x'g' jf] x'G5 eGg] a'lemg'] Psk|sf/sf] clglR5t jf:tljstf eg]] cjZo xf] . ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf b]zsf] k|x/L ;+u7g g} clGtd / cflwsfl/s lhDd]jf/ lgsfosf ?kdf /x]sf] x'G5 . ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf nflu @)!& ;fndf cf}+7f5fkaf6 ck/fwL kQf nfUg] k2lt,@)#% ;fndf km/]lG;s Nofasf] cjwf/0ff, @)&) ;fndf kf]lnu|fd k|of]u, @)&% ;fndf ;+ul7t ck/fw] cg';Gwfgdf sfo{ ;Iftfsf] lasf;df hf]8 lbOof] .

cg';Gwfg lgsfon] eg;'g gu/L hfx]/L lng dfGb}g . kLl8tk|lt ;d'lrt ;Ddfg / ;+jf]wg u/]sf] 5}g . cg';Gwfg l9nf u5{ . k|df0f nf]k x'g] kof{Kt cj;/ lbG5 . ;fIfL ;+/If0fdf ;d'rlt Wofg g} lbb}g . lkmtnf] k|df0fsf] cfwf/df d'2f rnfpg] u/]sfn] ;/sf/jfbL kmf}hbf/L d'2f c;kmntfsf] ;FVof a9\g] u/]sf] 5 . sfof{lnsLo jf /fhgLlts k|efjdf k/]/ cg';Gwfg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . cg';Gwfgdf d'Vo s;"/bf/nfO{ 5f]8]/ ;xof]uLx?nfO{ d'Vo s;"/bf/sf ?kdf k|:t't ug]{ sfo{x? klg ePsf 5g eGg] cfnf]rgfx?n] g]kfn k|x/Lsf nflu cg';Gwfg ;w} clUgk/LIffsf] laifo ag]/ /x]sf] 5 . ;"rgf ;+sng, ;~ro, ljZn]if0f / pkof]u, 36gf:yn ;+/If0f, k|f]kmfOlnFu, l;l8cf/ / l8PkmPn, cflb cfwf/e"t k|df0fx? ;+sng / ljZn]if0f tyf k|of]u ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf afxv/L leq kb{5g . cfjZostfg';f/ c08/ se/ ck|]zg / lkml;ª\ kl2t klg ckgfpg' kg]{ x'G5 . ck/fw cg';Gwfg h6Ln sfo{ xf] . bIf hgzlQmaf6 k|efjsf/L cg';Gwfg geP;Dd / sfo{ kl/0ffdaf6} lgikIftfsf] k|efj kfg{ g;s];Dd ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf af/]df p7]sf ;jfnx?sf] lrTta'em\bf] hjfkm x'g ;Sb}g _

 

!= e"ldsf

sfg"gn] ug{' eg]sf] sfd gug{' / gug{' eg]sf] sfd ug'{nfO{ ck/fwsf ?kdf lnOG5 . ;a} k|sf/sf kmf}hbf/LhGo u}/sfg"gL sfo{ jf csfo{{x? ck/fw x'g . ;DklQ / kb–;Ddfg;+u ;DalGwt laifox? afx]ssf cGo ;a} laifox?,hxf sfg"g tf]l8Psf] jf 5f]l8Psf] x'G5 lt ;a} kmf}Hbf/L k|s[ltsf b0\8gLo sfo{x? x'g . ck/fwsf] bf]ifsf] kl/0ffd s}b jf hl/jfgf jf Ifltk"lt{ jf cof]UotfdWo] s'g} jf ;a} bfloTj Goflos jf cw{Goflos km};nf jf lg0f{o jf cfb]zaf6 ;DalGwt AolStnfO{ x'g] ub{5 .

cfk/flws sd{sf] k"0f{tfdf hfgLhfgL, cfj]zj;, nfk/afxLk"0f{,  x]nr]+qmofOk"0f{ / eljtAodf u/L d"ntMk f+r cj:yfx?dWo] s'g} Ps cj:yf /x]sf] dflgG5 . csf]{ zJbdf s'g}klg ck/fwdf plNnlvt ;a} cfk/flws tl/sfx?dWo] slDtdf s'g} Ps tl/sfsf] ljwfdgtf /x]sf] x'G5 . cfk/flws sfo{x?df of]hgfsf/, nufgLstf{ tyf d'Vostf{ / ;xof]uL Pj+ :jfy{;d"xx? ;DalGwt /x]sf x'g ;Sb5g .

kmf}hbf/L sfg"gsf] d"n p2]Zo kmf}hbf/L s;"/sf] lgjf/0f ug{' xf] . lgjf/0fsf] bL3{sflng k"lgt sfo{sfnflu ttsfn cfk/flws sfo{x?sf] lgoGq0fsf] dfWodaf6 d'n'sdf sfg"g tyf Joj:yf sfod ug{' xf] . ;j{;fwf/0fsf] g}ltstf, lzi6frf/, ;bfrf/, ;'ljwf / cfly{s lxt sfod /fVg' xf] . h;af6 ljleGg wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts ;d'bfolarsf] ;';DaGw tyf zflGt sfod x'g ;sf]; eGg] g} kmf}hbf/L sfg"gsf] w]o xf] . d'n'sdf sfg"g 5 . sfg"g sfof{Gjog lgsfox? / clwsf/Lx? 5g . ;a} sfg"gsf] clwgdf /xG5g . To;}n] ;'/Iff x'G5 . zflGt / cdg rog sfod x'G5  eGg] ljZjf; lbnfpg' xf] . sfg"gL /fhk|ltsf] ljZjf;sf] k|Tofe"ltdf cxd\ e"ldsf lgaf{x ug{' xf] .

@= ck/fwsf dgf];fdflhs kIf

ck/fwsf] hGd / lasf;sf] cfofdnfO{ a[xQ/ If]qsf] cy{af6 cfFsng ug]{xf] eg] kl/jf/, ;dfh, c;dfgtf, lje]bsf/L gLlt / b08lxgtf qmdzM kb{5g . o;sf :jfly{ / k|efljtTjx? cg]s x'G5g . AolQmut b]lv :yfgLo x'b} b]zLo, If]qLo / cGt/b]lzo ;d'xx? /x]sf x'G5g . ;dfhsf] ultlzn rl/q;+u} ck/fwsf] k|s[lt / k|efj klg ultjfg x'G5 . ;do / cj:yf cg';f/ gof+ go+f ck/fwx? b]vf kb{5g / tt;DaGwL sfg"gx? klg aGb} hfG5g . ;+u;+u} cg';Gwgsf] ;Lk / k2lt klg kl/jt{g x'b} hfG5 . elgG5, ck/fwLx?sf] of]hgf / sfo{, /fHosf] sfg"g / cg';Gwfg k2lt Pj+ Ifdtf eGbf dfly x'G5 . ck/fwL cufl8 cufl8 cg';Gwfg k5fl8 k5fl8 x'g' jf o:tf] x'G5 eGg] a'lemg' /fHo jf cg';Gwfg lgsfosf] /x/ xf]Og t/ Psk|sf/sf] jf:tljstf eg]] cjZo xf] .

#= ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] dxTj

ck/fwsf ;a} tl/sf Pjd\ ;a} k|sf/sf cfk/flws sfo{x?df ck/fwLnfO{ b08 lbg] / kLl8tnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ ;lxtsf] Gofo lbg] /fHosf] k"lgt sfo{sf] cfwf/e"ld -hu_ eg]sf] ck/fw cg';Gwfg g} xf] . tYok/s, j:t'k/s / j}1flgs cg';Gwfg lagf k|df0fdf cfwfl/t cleof]hg x'g ;Sb}g / k|df0fdf cfwfl/t cg';Gwfg lagf bf]ifL s/f/ -7x/_ x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] elgG5, kmf}hbf/L Gofosf] nIosf] hu eg]s} ;kmn cg';Gwfg Pj+ ;Ifd cleof]hg xf] . To;}n] ;kmn cg';Gwfg s;/L x'g ;Sb5 eGg] ;jfn ;bfaxfb/ lh1f;f, rf;f] / lrGtfsf] laifo ag]sf] x'G5 . ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] d"n p2]Zo plNnlvt ;a} k|sf/sf cfk/flws sfo{x? / ;DalGwt ;a}sf] ;+nUgtfsf] cj:yf / To;af6 lghx?dfly x'g] b08fTds sfg"gL bfloTjsf] nflu cleof]hg of]Uo k|df0f k|:t't ug]{ k|d'v lhDd]jf/L ck/fw cg';Gwfg lgsfosf] x'G5 . 

$= ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] lhDd]jf/L

g]kfndf s/ /fhZj, ag, gfktf}n, ;}Go Pj+ ljifout cGo s]xLdf tt tt lgsfon] cg';Gwfg txlssft ug]{ ePklg d"nt ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] d'Vo lhDd]jf/ lgsfosf ?kdf g]kfn k|x/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] 5 . ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] ;DaGwdf ;+;bLo cg'udg ;ldlt / clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u h:tf vf; vf; laifo / ;Gbe{df rnfodfg x'g] ;+j}wflgs lgsfo /xg] jf sfg"g adf]lhd hfFra'em cfof]ux? u7g x'g]] Joj:yf ePklg clwseGbf cwls ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] lhDd]jf/L k|fKt lgsfo sfg"g Pj+ Aojxf/tM g]kfn k|x/L g} k|d'v lgsfo xf] . h;cGt/ut ck/fwsf] ljlzli6s[t ?ksf] cfwf/df nfu" cf}ifw Ao"/f], dfgj a]rlavg Ao"/f], cftFsjfb lgoGq0f Ao"/f], cfly{s Jo"/f], ;fOa/ Jo"/f], Aofn]l:6s Ao"/f],cflb laifout k|s[ltsf cfwf/df ljleGg gfdn] ;+:yf jf ;d"x jf ;ldltx? /xg ;Sb5g\ .

ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] nflu ljleGg gfpdf km/s km/s lgsfonfO{ sfof{b]z /x] klg ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf b]zsf] k|x/L ;+u7g g} clGtd / cflwsfl/s lhDd]jf/ lgsfosf ?kdf /x]sf] x'G5 . ck/fw cg';Gwfg s]G›Lo dxfzfvf / ;a} lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nox?df /xg] ck/fw cg';Gwfg zfvfn] lgoldt ?kdf cg';Gwfgsf] sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf x'G5g . sf7df0\8f} pkTosfdf, pkTosf ck/fw cg';Gwfg dxfzfvf o;sf] yk ljlzli7s[t If]qflwsf/ k|fKt lgsfo xf]eg] s]G›Lo cg';Gwfg Ao"/f] -l;cfOla_ ljz]iftM ;+ul7t ck/fw / ;a}vfn] ck/fwx?df ljz]if cg';Gwfgsf] cfjZostf b]lvPsf] laifodf cg';Gwfg txlssft ug]{ Ifdtf, hgzlQm, ;|f]t tyf ;fwg ;d]tsf ;a} b[li6n] ljlzli7s[t ?kdf cg';Gwfg ug]{ ljlzi7 k|s[ltsf] lgsfo xf] .

g]kfndf ljWj+;fTds ck/fwsf] sfg"g gePsf a]nf tt;DaGwL k|s[ltsf] ck/fw ePsf] b]lvof] . ckx/0f / aGws ;DaGwL sfg"g gePsf] j]nf tt;DaGwL ck/fw ePsf] b]lvof] . ;+ul7t ?kdf ck/fw x'g] /fHon] sNkgf ug{'k"j{ g} ;+ul7t ck/fw x'g uof] . ;+u;+u} ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf nflu @)!& ;fndf cf}+7f5fkaf6 ck/fwL kQf nfUg] k2ltnfO{ :jLsf/ ul/of] . @)#% ;fnb]lv km/]lG;s Nofasf] cjwf/0ffn] dfGotf kfof] . @)&) ;fndf kf]lnu|fd ;DaGwL / @)&% ;fnb]lv ;+ul7t ck/fwsf] laifodf cg';Gwfg lgsfosf] sfo{ ;Iftfsf] lasf;sf] cf/De eof] .

;dsfnLg cj:yfdf ;fOj/ qmfOd b]lv lqmK6f]s/]G;L ;Ddsf] cfk/flws sfo{sf] cg';Gwfgsf] laifo ;DalGwt lgsfosf nflu r'gf}tLsf ?kdf b]lvb} uPsf] 5 . cfl6{lkml;on OG6]nLh]G;L -PcfO{_;DaGwL ck/fw d'n'ssf] 9f]Ss}df cfO{ lelqg] t/v/df /x]sf] 5 . ;fOj/ qmfOd, nfu" cf}ifw, dfgj a]rlavg, cftFsjfb dfq xf]Og, ax'If]qLo k|efj lbb} ;+ul7t ?kdf x'g] ljljw cfly{s ck/fwx?sf] laulauL x'g] ;+s]tx? ;dsfnLg dfq xf]Og, eljiosf klg r'gf}ltx? x'g . ;+ul7t ?kdf ;'gsf] cj}w rf]/L k}7f/L ;DaGwL ck/fwsf] 8/nfUbf] ;j{kIfLo k|efj ;DaGwL cg';Gwfgsf] k|efjsfl/tfdf p7fOPsf] ;jfnx?n] g]kfnsf] kmf}hbf/L Gofosf] ;Ifdtfdf ;d]t k|Zg v8f u/]sf] 5 .

;+j}wflgs lgsfo jf sfg"gn] ljz]if lhDd]jf/L lbPsf ljlzi7 s;"/x?sf] cg';Gwfg txlssft ug]{ ljefu jf sfof{nox?sf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ laifox? afx]ssf cGo laifox?df cg';Gwfg txlssft ug]{ lgsfosf ?kdf g]kfn k|x/L ;+u7g cGt/ut ;ft k|fb]lzs Pj+ && lhNnf If]qsf] ;+/rgfTds :j?k lt/ d'n's uO/x]sf] 5 . elgG5, s"ndf &(%#@ hgzlQmdWo] @$*!@ s]G›Lo ;+/rgfleq / %$&@) k|fb]lzs ;+/rgfleq kg]{ ;+efjgf 5 .

k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no dftxtdf ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefu / qmdzM ck/fw cg';Gwfg lgb]{zgfno, ;+3Lo ck/fw cg';Gwfg dxfzfvf, ck/fw cg';Gwfg /0fgLlt tyf sfo{of]hgf zfvf, ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljZn]if0f zfvf, ck/fw cg';Gwfg ;'k/Lj]If0f tyf cg'udg zfvf,k|b]z ck/fw ;dGjo zfvf, kLl8t tyf ;fIfL ;+/If0f zfvf /x]sf 5g . pkTosfnflu, sf7df08f} pkTosf ck/fw cg';Gwfg sfof{no /x]sf] 5  . o; cGt/ut sf7df0f+8f} pkTosf k|x/L sfof{no, sf7df08f} pkTosf ck/fw cg';Gwfg sfof{no / dftxtdf yfkfynL, af}b\b sLlt{k'/, dxf/fhuGh, hfjnfv]n, eQmk'/ / l7dLdf ;d]t tt;DaGwL sfof{nox? /x]sf 5g\ . cGt/fli6«o k|x/L ;dGjo dxfzfvf, OG6/kf]n zfvf ,ck/fw cg';Gwfg k|ljlw ;xfotf zfvf, l8lh6n km/]lG;s Nofa, ;DklQ z'l2s/0f cg';Gwfg k|x/L zfvf cflb ;a} ck/fw cg';Gwfg tyf tslssft sfo{;+u ;DalGwt 5g .

ljlzli7s[t ;+:yfsf ?kdf s]G›Lo ck/fw cg';Gwfg Ao"/f]-l;cfOaL_ /x]sf] 5, h;sf] ljlzli7s[t Ifdtf;lxt cnu e"ldsf / klxrfg /x]sf] x'G5 .

g]kfn k|x/Lsf] lhDd]jf/LnfO{  zflGt;'/Iff sfod ug]{ / ck/fw lgoGq0f ug]{ d"n lhDd]jf/Lsf ?kdf a'‰g ;lsG5 . zflGt ;'/Iff sfod ug]{ sfo{df c? g} clwsf/jfnf -k|wfg dGqL, u[x dGqL / k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L_x?sf] lgb]{zg jf ttsfnLg :jLs[lt cfjZos kg]{ cj:yf x'G5 t/ ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf s'g}klg cGo clwsf/Lsf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zg klv{/xg' kb}{g . ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf nflu ;DalGwt sfg"gn] :yfoL cfb]z lbO/x]sf] x'G5 / hjfkmb]xL agfO/x]sf] x'G5 .

%= cg';Gwfgsf] clUgkl/Iffdf g]kfn k|x/L

ljZjsf sl/a b'O;o eGbf a9L b]zx?df /x]sf ck/fw cg';Gwfg lgsfosf] ;jnLs[t dfkg cj:yfdf g]kfn k|x/Lsf] cj:yf pRr :t/sf] /x]sf] 5 . t/klg g]kfn k|x/L ck/fw cg';Gwfg / txlssftsf] sfo{df a]nfavtdf r's]sf] jf c;kmn ePsf] eGg] cf/f]kaf6 d'Qm 5}g . hLjGt ;+:yfsf] ;tk|of; / ;Tsd{df k|zFlzt x'g' / c;kmntfdf cfnf]lrt x'g' :jefljs xf] . cfnf]rgf jf c;kmntf /lxt ;+:yf x'g s7Lg k|foM x'G5 . clwstd ;kmntf / cfnf]rgfsf] Go"gtf s;/L x'g ;Sb5 eGg] laifodfeg] ;DalGwt ;a}n] x]Ssf /fVg'kg]{ x'G5 .

eg;'g gu/L hfx]/L lng gdfGg], kLl8tk|lt ;d'lrt ;Ddfg / ;+jf]wg gug]{, cg';Gwfg l9nf ug]{ / k|df0f nf]k x'g] kof{Kt cj;/ lbg], ;fIfL ;+/If0fdf ;d'rlt Wofg glbg], lkmtnf] k|df0fsf] cfwf/df d'2f rnfpg] / ;/sf/jfbL kmf}hbf/L d'2f c;kmntfsf] ;FVof a9\g], sfof{lnsLo jf /fhgLlts k|efjdf k/]/ sfd ug]{, cg';Gwfgdf d'Vo s;"/bf/nfO{ 5f]8]/ ;xof]uLx?nfO{ d'Vo s;"/bf/sf ?kdf k|:t't ug]{, cflb cflb cfnf]rgfx? a]nfavtdf ;'lgg] u/]sf] klg 5 .

o;}u/L d'n'sL kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlw ;+lxtf @)&$ sf] bkmf !% df /x]sf] xflh/ hdfgLdf 5f8\g] clwsf/sf] ;d'lrt ?kdf k|of]u gePsf], bkmf #% cg';f/ yk bfaL lng ;Sg] k|fjwfgsf] klg tt;DaGwL lawfoLsL dd{sf] ;Ddfg sd x'g] u/]sf], klxn] y'g clg ;'g eGg] k'/ftgjfbL ;f]Fr s]xL s]xLdf cem} /xL klxn] ;'g clgdfq y'g eGg] dfGotf ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] km"njf/Ldf /fd|/L km'Ng g;s]sf] / cg';Gwfg txlssftdf ;/sf/L jsLnsf] r/0fab\b k/fdz{sf] clgjfo{tfnfO{ cWokL k"0f{ ?kdf kfngf / k|of]u x'g g;s]sf] eGg]h:tf l6Kk0fLx?tkm{ ;f+u7lgs ;+j]bglzntf a9\g / tt;DaGwdf Aojxf/af6} ;+jf]wg x'g h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 . sltko cg';Gwfg clwsf/L;+u Aojl:yt cg';Gwfg 8fo/L g} x'b}g, gjLgtd r]t lrGtg / sf}zntf g} 5}g eGg]x?nfO{ kTofpg] g} s;/L < csf]{tkm{ htf ;Ttf pt} k|x/L zlSt eGg] klg cfnf]rgfaf6 d'St x'gklg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g g]kfn k|x/L . ;/sf/ kl/jt{g x'bf Psyl/ cfk/flws dgx? v';L x'g] / csf]{yl/ b'MvL x'g] dgf]biff jf kl/kf6Lsf] bf]if klg g]kfn k|x/Ln] g} lnO/xg' k/]sf] 5 . o;f] x'g'sf] d'Vo sf/0f g]kfn k|x/L Aoj;flos bIf / hglaZjf;d}qL x'g g;Sg' g} xf] . /fhgLlts k|efj jf bafadf xf]Og ls ljlwzf:qLo dfGotf / sfg"gsf] lgb]{zgsf] clwgdf /x]/ ck/fw cg';Gwfg ;lxtsf ;a} lhDd]jf/L axg ul/x]sf] 5 eGg] ljZjf; cfh{g ug{ g;Sg' xf] .

plNnlvt cfnf]rgf jf l6Kk0fLx? ePklg ;du|tfdf g]kfn k|x/L, ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf Tolt sdhf]/ 5}g, hlt cfnf]rsx? eGg] ub{5g . cyjf s'g} 36gf ljz]ifsf] ;DaGwdf c;Gt'i6x?sf] /f]ifdf hlt k|s6 x'g] ub{5 . 36gf ljz]ifdf sf]xL r's\g' jf larlnt x'g' jf bafj jf k|efjdf kg'{nfO{ ckafbsf ?kdf lng'kg]{ x'G5 . vf; sf/0f jf kl/l:ylta; s'g} AolSt jf s]xL AolStdf sdhf]/L b]lvg' cnu s'/f xf] t/ ;+:yfut ?kdf ;+u7gn] uNtL ub}{g . ;+u7g xhf/f} rf]6x? ;x]/ klg hLjGt /lx/xG5 .

gldtf ;'lgtf xTof sf08b]lv lgd{nf anfTsf/ xTof sf08;Dd, jfn'jf6f/ hUuf k|s/0fb]lv ;xsf/L 7uLsf] k|s/0f;Dd, ljljw / rf]/L k}7f/L;lxtsf t:s/LhGo ck/fwx?df ;'gsf] t:s/L;Dd, ;fOj/ qmfOdb]lv x'08L x'b} lqmK6f]s/]G;L;Ddsf ck/fwx?df g]kfn k|x/Lsf] cg';Gwfgsf] ;Ifdtf / ;jnLs/0fsf] kIfdf k|Zgx? pl7/x]sf 5g . kl/0ffdtM plNnlvt ;Gbe{df ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] tt tt Ao"/f], dxfzfvf jf zfvfx?sf] ;jnLs/0fdf yk b[li6 lbg'kg]{ cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 . o;sfnflu ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf cfwf/e"t dfGotfx? Pjd\ sf}zntfx?sf] dgg ug'{ h?/L 5 . a]nfavtdf ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf afx|v/LnfO{ :d/0f ug'{ klg ;dosf] cfjZostf dflgG5 .

^= ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] afx|v/L]

ck/fw ;DaGwL ;"rgf ;Íng / k|fKt ;"rgfsf] ;Ddfg ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] afx|v/Lsf] klxnf] s8L xf] . o; ;DaGwdf x]bf{ ;"rgf ;Íngsf] ;DaGwdf g]kfn k|x/Ln] NofPsf] df]jfOn PlKns]zg -PK;_ qmdzM k|efjsf/L aGb} uPsf] 5 . of] cfw'lgs k|ljlwhGo o'usf] dfusf] laifo klg xf] . ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] bf];|f] s8L eg]sf] 36gf:ynsf] ;/+If0f xf] / t];|f]M ;Da2 k|df0fsf] ;'/If0f / ;Íng xf] . zFlst s;"/bf/sf] klxrfgnfO{ csf]{ s8Lsf ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . s;"/bf/sf] klxrfgsf nflu ;+efljt AolQmsf] j}olQms ljj/0f-h;nfO{ k|f]kmfOlnª klg eGg] ul/G5_ clgjfo{ laifo xf] .

x/]s gful/ssf] klxrfgsf] cfjZos tYofÍ -k|f]kmfOlnª_/fHosf] ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfodf x'g'kg]{ xf] . hGd]sf] lglZrt ;doleq cf}+7f5fk ;lxtsf] ljj/0fsf] clgjfo{tf b]lv x/]s AolQmsf] j0f{, ?k–/ª, Ifdtf kfl/jfl/s Pj+ ;dflhs ;DaGw / /f]huf/L ;lxtsf] ;fDklQs cj:yf ;d]tsf ;du| tYox?sf af/]df /fHo cyf{t ;DalGwt lgsfo hfgsf/ x'g'kb5 . lab]zLx? g]kfn k|j]z u/]kl5 sxf+ sx+f hfG5g / slxn] kms{g] x'g eGg] ;DaGwdf ;d]t ulx/f] / oyfy{k/s tYofÍ tyf kmnf]cksf] cefj /x]sf] d'n'sL zf;g k|zf;gsf] Aoj:yfksLo sf}zntf / ;Ifdtfdf ;jfn klg pl7/x]sf]] jt{dfg cj:yfdf gful/ssf] ;du| cj:yfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L /fVg g;Sg'nfO{ w]/}xb;Ddsf] sdhf]/L klg s;/L dfGg] / < t/ s'g AolQm sxf+sf] xf] < sxf+ uof] < s] s] ub}{5 < s] s:tf] cfFr/0f Jojxf/ / ;DaGw tyf klxrfgsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5  eGg] ;DaGwdf ha;Dd /fHo;+u ;du| tYo / tYofÍ x'b}g cyjf s'g}klg AolQmsf] ;du|tfsf] af/]df /fHo hfgsf/ x'g ;Sb}g, ta;Dd ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] sfo{n] cfzfltt ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;Sb},;Sb}g . lasl;t / sd ck/fw x'g] b]zx?sf] ;kmntfsf] cfwf/ eg]sf] ck/fw cg';Gwfg tyf txlssftsf] ;DaGwdf x/]s AolQmsf] AolQmut cj:yf / x}l;ot;+u ;DalGwt tYofÍ /xg' g} xf] . o;;DaGwL clgjfo{ dfGotfnfO{ ;j{q :jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 .

ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf zFsLt AolQmsf] k|f]kmfOlnª csf]{ h?/L s8L dflgG5 . /fli6«o kl/ro kq -PgcfO8L_ sf] dfWodaf6 o;nfO{ Aojl:yt ug{ vf]lhPsf] t kfOG5 t/ Tof] w]/} cw'/f], sd j}1flgs / s]xL Aojxfl/s hl6ntfdf /x]sf] 5 . sfo{ k|s[lt / lhDd]jf/Lsf cfwf/df AolQm jf gful/ssf] cfjZos ljj/0f /xg] w]/} lgsfo jf sfof{nox? 5g . h:tf] e'ld;+usf] ;Da2tfsf] af/]df dfnkf]t sfof{no / e"ld;'wf/ sfof{nox?, ;jf/L wgL jf rfnsLo Ifdtfsf] klxrfgsf] af/]df oftfoft Aoj:yf sfof{nox?, klAns jf k|fOe]6 sDkgL ;~rfns jf ;Da2tfsf] af/]df sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{no / ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfox?, Aoj;flos ;DaGwsf] af/df ;DalGwt lgsfo / ;DalGwt Joj;flos ;+:yfx? cflb cflb . t/ d'n'sleq /x]sf x/]s AolQmsf] klxrfg ;DaGwL k|f]kflnª /xg] k|fylds lgsfo eg]sf] :yflgo lgsfo g} xf] . /fli6«o kl/ro kqdf ;du| tYox? ;+lIfKtdf ;dfa]z u/]/ o;nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{eg] ;lsG5 . c? c? lgsfox?df hxf+ h] h:tf] tYo / tYofÍ /xg] u/]sf] ePklg k|x/L lgsfo;+u km/f/ cleo'St jf km/f/ ck/fwL, zlÍt AolSt, 7x/ s;"/bf/ 7x/]sf] AolSt / km6s] s;"/bf/sf] ljj/0f -k|f]kmfOlnª_ /xg' clgjfo{ dflgG5 .  t/ elgG5, o;n] klg k"0f{tf kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . cyf{t o;df klg lgoldttf / cWofjlwstf 5}g . cfk/flws 36gfsf] af/]df s]xL tYo hfgsf/L kfpg] AolQm / zlÍt s;"/bf/ AolQmsf] a}olSts ljj/0fsf] tof/L / klxrfg ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] csf]{ s8L dflgG5 .

ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] ;DaGwdf /x]sf] cfw'lgs s v /f cyf{t afx|v/Lsf ?kdf zlÍt, of]hgfsf/ jf s;"/bf/ jf dltof/ jf nfeflGjt AolQmsf] k|f/lDes klxrfgsf] k|fylds hfgsf/Lsf nflu ;DalGwt AolQmsf] df]afOn ;Dks{sf] ljj/0f -l;l8cf/_ ;Íng / ljZn]if0fnfO{ klg dflgG5 . ;DalGwt AolQmsf] ttsfnsf] cjl:ylt -nf]s]zg_ klxrfgb]lv s] s:tf AolQm;+u slxn]b]lv ;Dks{ /x]sf] lyof] eGg] ;d]tsf tYox? v'nf;f x'g;Sg] 6]lnkmf]g sn -l;l8cf/_ ;Íng / ljZn]if0fn] ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] k|of]unfO{ k|f/lDes ?kdf cFlusf/ u/]sf] dflgG5 . 

jf/bftsf] af/]df hfgsf/ / yk cg';Gwfgsf nflu ;xof]uL / k|df0fsf] nflu u|fxo x'g] AolQmnfO{ a'lemPsf AolQmsf ?kdf sfuh u/fpg] / zlÍt AolQmnfO{ aofg sfuh u/fpg] sfo{ csf]{ s8L xf] . o; r/0fdf s] s:tf] AolQmnfO{ a'lemPsf AolQmsf ?kdf sfuh u/fpg] / s] s:tf] AolQmnfO{ zªsLt AolQmsf ?kdf aofg sfuh u/fpg] eGg] ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Lsf] ulDeo{tf emg} a9\g' h?/L x'G5 . To;/L a'lemPsf AolQmsf ?kdf sfuh u/fOPsf] AolQm yk k|df0f ;Íngsf] qmddf zlÍt AolQmsf ?kdf ?kfGtl/t x'g hfg] / zlÍt AolQmsf ?kdf aofg sfuh u/fOPsf] AolQm lg/ck/fw b]lvP d'2f rnfpg gkg]{ klg x'g ;Sb5 .

;fdfGotM hfx]/L b/vf:\t jf k|x/L k|lta]bg, 36gf:yn k|s[lt d'r'Nsf, ;Ílnt bzL k|df0fx? ;lxtsf k"j{ cGo k|df0fx? / ;xcleo'Qmx?sf] aofg sfuhsf] a]xf]/faf6 zlÍt AolQmsf] yk klxrfg / k|dfl0fs/0f x'g hfG5  . l;l8cf/ ljj/0f lnPkl5 cGo k|df0fx?sf] /f]xaf6 s;"/bf/ x'g ;Sg] cj:yfsf] ljwdfgtfsf] sf]6Laf6 zlÍt AolQmsf ?kdf klxrfg ug]{ / To;kl5 aofg sfuh u/fpbf :df6{ df]afOn kmf]g ;Íng u/L l8PkmPn ljj/0fsf nflu k/LIf0f ug{' u/fpg' cfw'lgs cg';Gwfg kb\bltsf] csf]{ clgjfo{ Ps sbd xf] . h;af6 df]jfOn leq /x]sf ;Dafb, cl8of], lel8of] / ljljw t:jL/ cflbsf] dfWodaf6 zlÍt AolStsf] ;DaGw / k|efjsf] af/]df klxrfg / ljZn]if0f eO ck/fw cg';Gwfgn] gof+ df]8 lng] jf k"0f{tf kfpg] cj:yf x'g hfG5 . h+xf l;l8cf/sf] klg ;+sng / cWoog tyf ljZn]if0f x'b}g jf ul/b}g, Toxf l8PkmPn k/LIf0fsf] cfz jf ljZjf; ug'{ sf]/f sNkgf ;/x x'g hfG5 . 

s;"/ ug{] of]hgfdf /x]sf] jf nuflgstf{ ePsf] dfq xf]Og, s;"/ ug{df cfjZos kg]{ nlhli6s ;xof]u u/]sf] cj:yf 5 5}g eGg] cg';Gwfgsf] csf]{ s8L xf] . ;xcleo'Qmsf] aofg sfuh, 36gfaf6 cfkm}n] kmfObf lnPsf] jf c? s;}nfO{ kmfObf x'g] jf gf]S;fgL x'g] sfd u/]sf] 5 5}g eGg] ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg / ljZn]if0f x'g' klg h?/L dflgG5 .

;a} ck/fwdf k|ToIf k|df0fx?sf] lawdfgtf ;+ej / k|fKo tyf ;xh laifo xf]Og . kl/l:ylthGo k|df0fx?sf] /f]xaf6 ;d]t s;"/bf/ 7x/ x'g ;Sg] x'+bf s'g} zFlst AolQmsf xSdf kl/l:ylthGo k|df0fsf] laWodfgtf 5 5}g eGg] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt cg';Gwfg clwsf/Lsf] Wofg hfg' k5{ . kl/l:ylthGo k|df0f ; ;fgf k|df0fx?sf] CFvnf-s8L_sf] To:tf] ;du| ?k xf], h;af6 s;"/ ug{ jf s;"/sf] k"0f{tfsf] ;DaGwdf s]xL g s]xL e'ldsf lgaf{x ePsf] eGg] b]lvPsf] x'G5 . ;+ul7t ck/fwdf kl/l:ylthGo k|df0fsf] ;Íng, cWoog / ljZn]if0f emg} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . 8s}tL ;lxtsf s]xL vf; k|s[lt / cj:yfsf ck/fwx? afx]s ;a} k|sf/sf ck/fwx? ;fdfGotM xfsfxfsL gx'g] / /fHosf] sfg"g, cg';Gwfg lgsfo jf ;dfhsf hfu?s dflg;x? ;d]tsf] cfFvf 5n]/ jf ltgLx?df e|d 5/]/ ck/fw x'g] x'bf ;f]emf] cf}Fnfn] cyf{t ;f]emf] tl/sfn] ;a} k|/sf/sf ck/fwx? cg';Gwfg ;kmn x'g ;Sb}g .  cfjZostfg';f/ c08/ se/ ck|]zg / lkml;ª\ kl2t klg ckgfpg' kg]{ x'G5 . o; r/0fdf d'n'sL kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlw ;lx+tf @)&$ sf] bkmf #^ df /x]sf] ;hfo sd ug]{ ljZjf; lbnfpb} tt;DaGwL k|s[of cjnDag ug{'kg]{ klg x'G5 . o;sf] k|of]udf klg ;DalGwt cg';Gwfg clwsf/L xlRsg' x'b}g . ljefuLo ;dGjo jf lgu/fgLsf] cy{df o;df km/s Tolt dfq dflgG5 ls tt ;DaGwL tYonfO{ lgs6td dflyNnf] clwsf/Lsf] hfgsf/Ldf /fv]sf] jf /x]sf] x'g' emg pTtd kIf xf] .

cg';Gwfgsf] cfjZostfn] a'‰g] qmddf g} s;}nfO{ hf]ufpg] jf s;}nfO{ eufpg] jf s;}sf ;DaGwdf yk k|df0f ;+sngsf] cfjZostf gb]Vg] t/ ;dfg cj:yfsf c?sf] ;DaGwdf cfjZostf b]Vg], k|fKt k|df0fsf] ljZn]if0f jf k|:t'lts/0f sdhf]/ ?kdf ug]{ sfo{ x'g' ;j{yf unt x'g hfG5 .  zlÍt AolQmsf ?kdf b]lvPsfnfO{ a'lemPsf AolQmsf ?kdf /fVg] / ;fdfGo sfuh u/fO{ 5f8\g] jf s'g} 36gfsf ;DaGwdf ;fdfGo hfgsf/ AolQmnfO{ zlÍt AolQmsf ?kdf aofg sfuh u/fP/ cleof]hgsf nflu d'Vo s;'/bf/ ;/xsf] bfaLsf ;fy cleof]hgsf] nflu /fo k|:t't ug]{ b'a} sfo{x?n] ;DalGwt cg';Gwfg clwsf/Lsf] ;Ifdtfdf k|Zg p7g] dfq xf]Og, cg';Gwfg lgsfosf] ljZj;gLotfdf klg ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|Zg p7g ;Sb5 / kl/0fftM kmf}hbf/L Gofo g} dg{ hfG5 .

&= r':tb'?:t clen]v

Psflt/ zlÍt AolQmsf] sf]6Ldf /fVg'kg]{ AolQmnfO{ a'lemPsf AolQmsf ?kdf /fVg] / csf]{lt/ zFlst AolQmsf ?kdf aofg sfuh u/fpg] clg To;/L aofg sfuh u/fOPsf] gb]vfpg] / clg cleof]hgsf avt km/f/ AolQmsf ?kdf b]vfpg] sfo{ olb x'G5 jf To:tf] ul/G5eg] To;nfO{ ;fdfGo q'6Lsf ?kdf lng' csf]{ u+eL/ q'6L x'g hfG5 . a'lemPsf jf zlÍt AolStsf ?kdf aofg sfuh u/fO;s]kl5 pSt sfuh ;DalGwt ldl;ndf gx'g] jf pSt sfuh g} gi6 ug]{ ;Ddsf sfo{x? klg x'g ;Sb5g eg]/ ;fdfGo ;demn] klg sNkgf ug{ ;lsb}g . ljlw lj1fg k|of]uzfnfaf6 k/LIf0f ul/Psf jf ;+sng ul/Psf cGo k|df0fx? ;DalGwt ldl;ndf /x]gg jf /flvPg eg] cg';Gwfgsf] kl/0ffd sxflnnfUbf] c;kmtntf ;lxt hux+;fpg] cj:yf ;Dd k'Ub5 . 

*= hgzlQm ljsf;

g]kfn k|x/L ;+u7gdf ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf ;Ifdtfsf nflu x/]s k|x/LnfO{ ck/fwsf] cg';Gwfgsf] cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L lbg] / tf]lsPsf] lhDd]jf/L cg';f/sf] sfo{ k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df ljlzli7s[t k|lzIf0f -tflnd_ lbg] sfo{n] w]/} cufl8 b]lv g} lg/Gt/tf k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . sl/a c;L xhf/ ;a} hgzlQm ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf vl6b}gg . To;sf] sl/a !) k|ltzteGbf sd}nfO{ ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] lhDd]jf/Ldf ;xeflutfsf] cj;/ k|fKt ePsf] x'G5 . hf] hf] ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] sfo{df ;+nUg /x]sf x'G5g jf ;+nUg agfOG5, ltgLx?df dfly plNnlvt ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf afXv/Lx?sf] 1fg 5}g jf x'b}g eGg' ;j{yf unt x'g hfG5 . o; k|sf/sf] cg'dfg ug{'klg g]kfn k|x/L ;+u7g k|ltsf] k"jf{u|xL ;f]+r jf cz'e w]o jf sfdgf dfq x'g hfG5 . pgLx? t ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf If]qdf ljlzi7 1fg / Ifdtfo'Qm hgzlQm x'g . ;+u7gsf dxTjk"0f{ k"FhL x'g .

;lhnf] u/L ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] hgzlQm tof/ ePsf] x'b}g . lg/Gt/ cWoog, lrGtg, tflnd / k|lzIf0f tyf sfo{If]qsf] jnLj]bLdf ;dk{0faf6 dfq tof/ x'g hfG5g To; k|sf/sf hgzlStx? . Pp6f ck/fw cg';Gwfg clwsf/L tof/ ug{ /fHosf] nfvf+} ?k}of nufgL ePsf] x'G5 . ;Ifdf / OdfGbf/ ck/fw cg';Gwfg clwsf/Lsf] of]ubfg k|lt s/f]8f}+sf] cfzf / ljZjf; /x]sf] x'G5 . kfv'/Ldf /x]sf] klbs laNnf jf sfFwdf /x]sf] km"nLsf] rds / jlb{sf] jhg tyf ul/dfsf] dxTj a'em]sf x/]s cg';Gwfg clwsf/Lx? kmf}hbf/L Gofosf hfHjNodo vDafx? / zflGt ;'/Iffsf k|sfzdo tf/fk'~hx? x'g . h;/L gembf{;Dd tf/fx? cfsfzdf rlDs/x]sf x'G5g, To;/L g} ;]jfdf /xbf;Dd / cem eGg]xf] eg] gdbf{;Dd g} ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf lrGtgzLn / k/f]Io ?kdf sd{lzn /lx/x]sf x'G5g eGg] ;lDemOG5 . To;/L g}  lrGtglzn / sd{lzn x'g' /fi6«sf] l;Gb"/sf] ;Ddfg dfq xf]Og, cfˆg} AolQmTj -OG6Lu|L6L_sf] klxrfg sfod /fVg' klg xf] .

dfly ck/fw cg';Gwfg ;DaGwL plNnlvt dfGotf k|s[of / sf}zntfsf ;Gbe{x? ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] ;Gbe{df ;a} If]qsf ljz]iftM lzlIft AolQmx?n] hfgsf/Ldf /fVg' pko'Qm x'g] ;Gbe{x? dfq x'g . g]kfn k|x/L ;+u7gleq /x]sf ;DalGwt hgzlQmsf] 1fg / Ifdtfsf] cufl8 plNnlvt afx|v/L ;fdfGo laifox? x'g .

s'g} ck/fwsf] cg';Gwfgsf] ;DaGwdf hxfF dfly plNnlvt ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf afx|v/Lx?sf] ;Demgf, ;Ddfg, k|of]u / kfngf ;s]sf] b]lvPg eg] ToFxf ;DalGwt hgzlQmsf] c;Ifdtf eGbfklg, nfk/afxL jf x]nr]SofO{ jf abgLotdWo] s'g} Ps /x]sf] x'g ;Sb5 . To; cj:yfdf sf] s:sf] s] s:tf] sf/0fsf] laWodfgtf /x]sf] xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg dflysf] cg';Gwfg ;+u7g leq} x'g' h?/L x'G5 . To; k|sf/sf cj:yfx?df ttsfn z'2Ls/0f tyf ;+:yfut ;jnLs/0fsf nflu cfjZos sbd rflng' k5{ .

ck/fw zf:q, ;+ljwfg, d'n'sL ck/fw ;Flxtf / d'n'sL kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlw ;Flxtf, ;+u7g ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, tt ;DaGwL Goflos dfu{ bz{g / ljefuLo kl/kq tyf ;fj{hlgs k|ltab\tf g]kfn k|x/L ;+u7g leqsf ;a} hgzlQmnfO{ hfgsf/L gx'g ;Sb5 t/ ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf vl6Psf jf tf]lsPsf hgzlQmnfO{ sfo{lhDd]jf/L / :t/ cg';f/ pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L x'g' clgjfo{ dflgG5 . Joj;flos 1fg, ;Lk / sf}zntf ;a} cj:yfdf ckl/xfo{ cfwf/ x'G5g . OdfGbfl/tf ;DalGwt AolStsf] :jTjsf] kfog xf]eg] ;+u7gsf] ;kmntf / 5ljsf] /f]zgL xf] .

l;bfGttM dflyNnf] clwsf/Lsf ;fd' a'6 ahf/]/ jf ;nfd 6sf/]/ dfq ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] bIftf / sf}zntf clea[l2 x'b}g . g t g]tf jf pRrkbflwsf/Lsf ;fd' k'Ug] 3/b}nf] sfo{qmdaf6 g} x'G5 . cWoog, lrGtg / cg'ejaf6 k|fKt x'g] 1fg, ;Lk / bIftfsf] ;d'lrt k|of]u g} o;sf] Psdfq pkfo xf] . jbL{df /xbf jf g/xbf klg sfg"gsf] ;Ddfg / kfng ug{' x/]s k|x/Lsf] st{Jo dfq xf]Og ls x/]s AolQm klg st{Jo xf] . To;}n] x/]s gful/sx? lagf jbL{sf k|x/L x'g eGg] ul/G5 .

(= cg';Gwfgsf] ljZj;gLotf

s]xLsf] a'emfO{ 5, ck/fw cg';Gwfg clwsf/L jf hgzlQmx? :jtGq cg';Gwfgsf nflu gLltut / sfo{ut tyf cfGtl/s / afXo b'a} b[li6af6 :jtGq 5}gg . ljljw sf]0fsf bafax? jf k|efjx?sf] e"d/L leq 5g\ . of] egfO{ jf a'emfO{ ;To xf]eg] sfg"g lakl/tsf bafa jf k|efjx?sf] :j–Joj:yfkg ;d]t ;dsfnLg cfjZostfsf] laifo xf] eGg'kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf nflu ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf ;+nUg ;a} hgzlQmn] …ÚltdL slxn]klg cfkm"nfO{ pRr g;Dem sfg"g ;w} ltdLeGbf dfly x'G5ÚÚ eGg] yf]d; km"n/sf] egfO{sf] :d/0f ub}{ x/]s sfg"g lakl/tsf plb{ jf cfb]zx?sf ;DaGwdf cGt/;+u7gfTds ?kdf c:jLsfo{tfsf] efj Pj+ :j:Yo bafa lbg ;Sg] cfF6df klg x'g'k5{ .

/fhgLlts zlSt jf ;+u7gx? t juL{o :jfy{ k|]l/t larf/o'St sfo{gLlts ;:+yfut jnx? g} x'g . w]/}xb;Dd sfg"gdf klg ToxL juL{o rl/q k|ltWjlgt ePsf] x'G5 . t}klg sfg"g h:tf] 5 / sfg"gn] h] pb\b]Zo /fv]sf] 5, ToxL pb\b]Zo k|flKtsf nflu ;tt k|oTgzLn /xg' x/]s If]qsf /fi6«;]jsx?sf] sfg"gL Pj+ kbLo bfloTj ePh:t} ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf ;+nUg k|x/Lx?sf] klg xf] . /fhgLlts zlStdf /x]sf] jf /fhgLlts zlStsf] k|efj b]vfpg ;Sg] s'g} AolStn] sfg"gnfO{ cgb]vf ug{ jf ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf cfwf/e"t dfGotfx?nfO{ gk5\ofpg cfb]z jf lgb]{zg x'G5 eGg' ;fdfGotM a]7Ls x'g hfG5  . syd\ To;k|sf/sf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zg eO ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf nfk/afxL x]nr]+s|ofO{ jf jbgLotsf] cf/f]k p7of] eg] lgwf/df sn+ssf] 6Lsf nufpg' kg]{ jf xftdf xts8L nufpg' kg]{ jf a[lt lasf;df afwfx? a]xf]g'{kg]{ /fhgLlts cfb]zflwsf/Ln] xf]Og, ;DalGwt cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] g} xf] . o; jf:tljstf / dd{:kzL{ cj:yfnfO{ sfo{If]qdf ;w} dgg ug'{ h?/L x'G5 x/]s cg';Gwfg clwsf/L / ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf ;+nUg k|x/L hgzlStn] .

!)= lgisif{

cfjZos hgzlQm, ;fwg / ;|f]t, k|ljlw, jftfj/0f, clek|]/0ff gePsf] cg'e"lt x'g ;Sb5 t/ h] 5 To;s} clwstd\ k|of]usf ;fy s]xL sfd gf}nf] gu/L ghfp eGg] efjgf /fv]/ b]z / hgtfk|lt ;dlk{t efjsf ;fy sfd ug]{ xf] eg] clxn]s} hgzlSt ;fwg / ;|f]tsf] l:yltdf klg cem a9L ;Ifdtf k|bz{g ug{ ;lsg] cj:yfdf g]kfn k|x/L ;+u7g 5 eGg ;+sf]r dfGg' kg]{ cj:yf eg] 5}g . obfsbf ckjfbfTds cj:yfx? b]lvg] cfnf]rsx?sf] d'v aGb ug{ ;Sg] ;Ifdtfdf g]kfn k|x/L ;+u7gsf] Ifdtf / x}l;ot 5 eGg] k|dfl0ft ug]{ bfloTj ck/fw cg';Gwfg ;DaGwL lhDd]jf/Lsf] cj;/ kfpg]x?sf] g} xf] .

o;sf nflu ;sf/fTds ;f]+rsf ;fy cWoog, lrGtg / dgg ug'{ k|fylds laifo xf] . c? w]/} ug{' kb}{g, h] h:tf] jftfj/0fdf /x]/ jf h] h:tf ;d:ofx?sf lardf /x]/ sfd ug{' k/]klg Ifdtfsf] e/k'/ k|of]u u/L OdfGbfl/tfsf ;fy u5{' . cfkm\gf] lgwf/ / ;+u7gsf] 5ljdf bfu gnfUg] u/L u5{' eGg] efj / ;dk{0fsf ;fy dg}b]lv nfu]/ / cGt/efjaf6 hfu]/ u/] k'Ub5 . s'g} k|sf/sf] nf]k kfk jf cfu|x jf k"jf{u|x g/fvLsg ug{' h?/L 5 . bafa / k|efjsf gkl/sg ug{' h?/L 5 . Aoj;flos sf}zntfsf ;fy ug{' h?/L 5 .

o;sf ;fy} ;+u7gdf nfdf] ;do sfd u/]sf cg';Gwfg clws[tx?sf] sfdsf] ;DaGwdf p7]sf ;jfnx? jf ;fj{hlgs ?kdf ul/Psf ;+u7gk|ltsf cfnf]rgf jf ;dfnf]rgfx?sf] ;+jf]wg ug{ klg ;+u7gn] ljnDa ug{' x'b}g . cfjZostfg';f/ b08sf] 58L ;dfTg' k5{ / ;'/Iffsf] sjh klg aGg ;Sg' k5{ . ck/fw cg';g\wfgsf] sfo{df vl6Psfx? Dffq xf]Og, ;d:t k|x/L hgzlStsf] cfTdjn hufpg] / a9fpg] u/L vf; vf; cg';Gwfgsf] ;kmntfdf :ofaf;Lsf dfWodaf6 sfo{clek|]/0ffsf] phf{ lbgklg kl5 kg{' x'b}g .

g]kfn k|x/Lsf ;sn bhf{n] x[bob]lv g} dgg ug'{ h?/L 5 ls ;To;]jf ;'/Iffsf] d"ndGq hKb} sd{sf] dfWodaf6 ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] sfo{df cAan aGg] ;kgf b]Vg]x?sf] vfFrf] g]kfn k|x/Ldf ;w} x'G5 . of] vfFrf] ;do qmd;+u} kl/jlt{t r'gf}ltx?sf] ;fdgfsf] ;fdYo{tfsf] cf}lrTotfaf6 klg /x]sf] x'G5 . cAan s;/L aGg] / ;+u7gsf] 5ljdf cem rdskg s;/L Nofpg] of] ;a}sf] ;fd'lxs bfloTjsf] laifo xf] .

x/]s cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] la;{g} x'b}g ls ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] lgb]{zs sdf08/ eg]sf] ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jsLn xf] g ls dflyNnf] k|x/L clws[t . sfg"g tf]8]/ jf 5f]8]/ cg';Gwfg ubf{ laefuLo sf/afxLdf kg]{ eg]sf] cfkm" g} xf], /fhg}lts g]t[Tj jf dflyNnf] k|x/L clwsf/L xf]Og . To;}n] Hofg hfnf sfg"g 5f]8b}g / tf]8b}g clg ljj]snfO{ aGwsLdf klg /fVb}g eGg] ;fx;, Ifdtf / sfo{z}nL ;a}eGbf pDbf tyf ;kmn cg';Gwfgsf] d'6' xf] . 

 सन्दर्भ सामाग्रीहरुः

१)   नेपालको संविधान २०७२

२)   मुलुकी अपराध संहिता २०७४

३)   मुलुकी फौजदारी कार्यविधि संहिता २०७४

४)   सरकारी वकील दिग्दर्शन २०६३ -पाँचौ संस्करण २०८०_

५)   रविन्द्र भट्टराई- 'क्वेस्टिङ द कजेज अफ अफेन्डिङ एन्ड भिक्टिमाइजेसन: क्रिमिनोलोजी एन्ड भिक्टिमोलोजी',  पैरवी बुक हाउस पुतली सडक,

६)   माइकेल डि लेयम्यान- क्रिमिनल इनभेष्टिगेशन एण्ड द साइन्स, जनवरी २०१९

 

 @)*! c;f/ !*              Ko"7fg, P]/fjtL–! wgjf]6÷xfn g/]kmfF6 sf7df08f}

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ÜÜÜ pRr cbfntsf k"j{ GofofwLz Pj+ ;'gsf] cj}w k}7f/L-t:s/L_ lgoGq0f ;DaGwL hfFra'em cfof]usf cWoIf ;d]t /x]sf n]vs l8NnL/fh cfrfo{ k|fs[lts Gofosf] l;bfGtÆ -@)$*_ b]lv …ÚsfJo/;df kf]v/fÆ -@)&(_ ;Ddsf k|sflzt ljleGg !@ j6f k':tssf ;h{s x'g . ck/fw cg';Gwfg laifosf cWo]otf n]vs ;'gsf] cj}w k}7f/L lgoGq0f hfra'em cfof]usf] cWoIfsf lhDd]jf/Ldf /xL sfo{;Dkfbg u/]sf]] cg'ej ;d]t 5 .